术语词典Trucking Glossary

道路上升或下降的陡峭程度，常用百分比表示。百分比不是角度，也不是该段路的限速。The steepness of an uphill or downhill road, often expressed as a percentage, not an angle or speed limit.

沿行驶方向降低海拔的道路，尤其常见于长坡提示。它与上坡 upgrade 相对。A descending road in the direction of travel, commonly used in long-grade warnings; the opposite is upgrade.

制动器因过热等因素而减弱制动效果的现象。踩踏更用力不等于能恢复正常制动力。Reduced braking effectiveness associated with conditions such as overheating. Greater pedal force does not establish restored braking.

为失去控制、尤其制动失效的车辆提供紧急减速或停止空间的设施，也称 escape ramp。A facility providing emergency deceleration or stopping space for an uncontrolled vehicle, particularly after brake failure; also called an escape ramp.

因冰雪等路况实施的防滑装置通行要求。适用条件取决于车辆、路段、现场标志和执法指示。A road control requiring traction equipment under specified conditions. Requirements depend on the vehicle, location and current directions.

指定供车辆安装防滑链等装置的区域。是否可停留及如何使用要看现场规定。A designated area for fitting traction equipment, subject to local use and stopping rules.

为雪冰路面牵引、制动或转向提供帮助的轮胎装置类别，包含某些链条与其他认可装置。A category of tire equipment intended to improve traction, braking or steering on snow or ice, including qualifying chains and alternatives.

薄而透明、使底下路面颜色仍可见的冰层，视觉上可能像湿路面，难以辨认。A thin transparent ice layer through which the pavement remains visible, often difficult to distinguish from a wet road.

横向作用于车辆的风。它对车辆稳定性的影响与车身、载荷、风速和暴露路段有关。Wind acting across the vehicle, with effects depending on vehicle profile, loading, wind strength and exposure.

在雾、雨、雪、烟尘等条件下能够看清前方环境的程度，可能在短距离内明显变化。How clearly and far the surroundings can be seen in conditions such as fog, rain, snow or smoke; it may change quickly.

协调司机工作的人员：传达提送货地点和时间、跟进进度、处理安排变化；有些调度也负责找货、谈价。可以是车队内部人员，也可以是外部服务商。A person coordinating drivers’ work: communicating pickup and delivery details, tracking progress, and handling changes. Some also find loads and negotiate rates. Dispatchers may work inside a carrier or provide an outside service.