术语词典Trucking Glossary

把集装箱在港口、铁路场站、堆场、客户仓库之间短距离拖运的业务。Short-distance container transportation between ports, rail terminals, depots, and customer warehouses.

标准化的金属箱，常见尺寸 20'、40'、40'HC、45'。海运 + 拖柜的核心载体。Standardized steel box — common sizes 20', 40', 40' HC, 45'. The basic unit of ocean + drayage freight.

公路运输时承托集装箱的带轮底架，与装货的集装箱本身不同。底盘可能自有或通过其他安排取得，提还地点和使用要求需要单独确认。The wheeled frame supporting a container for road transport, separate from the container itself. It may be owned or supplied under another arrangement; confirm its pickup, return, and use requirements.

货物装卸、交接的具体场站。拖柜时通常指港口内的某个集装箱码头；在铁路或其他货运场景，也可能指铁路场站或货运站。只知道港口名称还不够，还要确认具体 terminal。A facility where freight is loaded, unloaded, or transferred. In drayage it usually means a particular container terminal within a port; in other contexts it may be a rail or freight terminal. Knowing the port name alone is not enough to identify the facility.

预约提柜、还柜等操作的到场时段的系统。不同码头可能使用不同平台、开放时段和接收条件。预约成功只表示订到了时段，不代表柜子已放行、费用已处理或一定能提走。A system for booking a terminal visit for pickup, return, or another transaction. Platforms, time windows, and receiving conditions vary. A confirmed appointment does not by itself mean the container is released, charges are settled, or pickup can proceed.

TSA 签发的运输工作者身份凭证，用于受相关海事安保规则约束的设施或船舶安全区域的无陪同进入等用途。它不代替码头预约或场站另行要求的准入手续。A TSA-issued Transportation Worker Identification Credential used for unescorted access to secure areas of facilities or vessels covered by maritime-security rules, among other required uses. It does not replace a terminal appointment or other access procedures.

拖柜语境中，指进口柜取得进入提柜流程所需的相关放行状态，常要分别看船公司放行、海关放行及其他 hold（暂扣或限制）是否清除。显示 released（已放行）不等于柜子已经卸船并可提，也不等于已有预约、费用已处理或闸口一定接车。In drayage, the status that required authorizations for an import container to enter the pickup process have been satisfied, often checked separately for ocean-carrier release, customs release, and other holds. “Released” does not by itself mean the box is discharged and available, an appointment exists, charges are resolved, or the gate will accept the truck.

海运场景中，集装箱或货物在码头超过免费停放时间后，可能产生的费用。进口提柜时常遇到；先看免费期、计费天数和实际账单，不能只凭这个词判断司机本人要付钱。In ocean shipping, a possible charge when a container or cargo remains at a terminal beyond allowed free time. It is common in import pickup workflows. Check free time, billed days, and the actual invoice; the term alone does not make the driver the payer.

字面意思是“按日”。港口场景常指集装箱或底盘等设备的按日使用费，具体是否超过免费期、按哪段时间收费，要看实际账单和约定。不要仅凭这个词判断一定是柜还是底盘。Literally “per day.” In port workflows it commonly labels daily equipment-use charges for containers or chassis. Read the bill and terms to identify the equipment, free time, and charging period; the term alone does not identify which equipment is involved.

公路货运中常指司机或车辆在装卸点等待产生的费用。免费等待时间、计费条件、金额和支付方依适用约定核对；海运用语中也可能指集装箱等设备的使用，需看上下文。In road freight, a charge associated with driver or vehicle waiting at pickup or delivery. Free time, billing conditions, rates, and responsibility depend on applicable terms. In ocean shipping the word can refer to equipment use, so context matters.

一次进码头，完成“送进去一个箱，再带出来一个箱”。例如还空箱后提进口重箱，也可能是送出口重箱后提空箱；是否能一起做，要符合码头当时的接收和预约条件。Delivering one container and collecting another during a single terminal visit. Examples include returning an empty then collecting an import, or dropping an export then taking an empty. Both moves must meet the terminal’s current receiving and appointment conditions.

Free Time 是集装箱或货物在码头等地点可免收相应堆存或滞期费用的期间；Last Free Day 是该期间的最后一天或最后免费时点。前者是期间，后者是截止点，算法会随码头、船公司、货类和当期规则变化。Free time is the period during which a container or cargo may remain at a terminal or similar facility without the applicable storage or demurrage charge. The last free day is the final day or cutoff in that period. One is a period and the other a deadline; calculation varies by terminal, carrier, cargo, and current rule.

进口柜卸货后，把空箱交回船公司或设备方当时指定且愿意接收的码头、堆场或仓库。接收地点和条件可能按船公司、尺寸、箱型、日期、班次及库存变化；还空柜与送重出口柜不是同一交易。The return of an unloaded import container to the terminal, depot, or yard currently designated and accepting it for the ocean carrier or equipment provider. The location and conditions may vary by line, size, type, date, shift, and inventory. An empty return is a different transaction from delivering a loaded export.

码头或堆场在集装箱、车架等设备交接或闸口交易时生成的记录，常含设备编号、进出方向、时间及记录到的状况或损坏。它是交接证据，不等于柜子放行、预约确认，也不能单独决定损坏责任。A terminal or depot record generated when a container, chassis, or other equipment is interchanged or processed at the gate. It commonly includes equipment identifiers, direction, time, and recorded condition or damage. It evidences the interchange but is not a release, an appointment confirmation, or conclusive proof of damage responsibility.