术语词典Trucking Glossary

确认某一票运输的运价和安排的文件，常简称 rate con。通常会写提送货地点、时间、运费等；附加费和付款条件也可能在另行签订的合同里。A document confirming the rate and arrangements for a specific load, often called a rate con. It commonly lists pickup, delivery, timing, and freight charges; accessorial and payment terms may also appear in a separate agreement.

列出本期收入、扣款和应付净额的结算明细。在挂靠车队的例子中，可看到运费收入减去合同约定扣款后的数额。结算单显示应付多少，不等于钱已到账，也不等于扣完全部经营成本后的利润。A statement listing earnings, deductions, and the net amount payable for a period. In a leased owner-operator example, it shows revenue less contractual deductions. An amount shown as payable is not proof of bank payment or profit after all business expenses.

付款账期写法。Net 30 通常指发票日起 30 天内付清，Net 60 则是 60 天；运输合同也可能约定收到完整单据后才开始计时。先看约定从哪一天算，不能直接按卸货那天往后数。Payment terms. Net 30 ordinarily means full payment within 30 days of the invoice date; Net 60 means 60 days. A transport agreement may instead start the clock when complete documents are received. Check the agreed starting date rather than simply counting from delivery.

经纪或其他付款方提供的提前付款选项，通常通过扣一笔费用或运费折扣换取更快付款。到账时间、收费和所需单据各有不同，不能只凭“快付”两个字判断。An early-payment option offered by a broker or other payer, usually for a fee or discount from the freight bill. Timing, cost, and required documents vary; “Quick Pay” alone does not state those terms.

把可收取的运费账款转给保理公司，由它按合同先付一部分或全部款项，再向欠款方收款。这样能提前拿到钱，但会有费用；能先拿多少、何时到账、是否留保证款，都要看合同。Transferring freight receivables to a factoring company, which pays an agreed amount in advance and collects from the debtor. It can accelerate cash flow at a cost; advance amount, timing, and any reserve depend on the contract.

向付款方列明“这次收什么钱、收多少、按什么账期付”的账单。在美国运输业务里，Invoice 常用于请款；它不是提单，也不能只凭有这张单子就认定已经收款。A bill listing what is being charged, the amount, and payment terms. In U.S. freight work an invoice is commonly used to request payment; it is not a bill of lading or, by itself, proof that payment was received.

在报价或账单里，通常指基本运输费，燃油附加费和其他附加费可能另外列出。在运营描述里也可指城市或货运站之间的干线运输，要看它出现在哪里。On a quote or bill, linehaul commonly means the base transportation charge, with fuel and accessorials potentially listed separately. In operations it can also mean transport between cities or terminals; context matters.

基本运输费（line-haul）之外，因额外服务或情况产生的费用。例如等待费 detention、长时间延误费 layover、装卸工费 lumper，以及盖篷布 tarp、使用升降尾板 liftgate 的费用。是否另收、怎么收，要看约定。Charges beyond the base line-haul transportation price for extra services or circumstances, such as detention, layover, loading labor, tarping, or liftgate use. Check which items are separately billable and their agreed terms.

基本运费之外，用来反映燃油成本变化的费用，常简称 FSC。有些约定参考 EIA 公布的柴油价格，但 EIA 不规定统一收费公式；先确认报价是否已含燃油费，避免重复相加。A charge reflecting changes in fuel costs, often called FSC. Some agreements use EIA diesel-price data, but EIA does not set a universal surcharge formula. Check whether a quoted rate already includes fuel before adding it again.

在车队租赁安排里，按约定暂时留存、用于指定事项的一笔钱，可能从结算中逐次扣存。先看收多少、能扣哪些项目、怎么对账和退还；它不等于车队可以随意扣掉的费用。In a carrier lease, money held under agreed terms for specified purposes, sometimes accumulated through settlement deductions. Check the required amount, permitted uses, accounting, and return conditions; it is not an unrestricted carrier charge.

Rate per Mile：运费收入除以所采用的里程。要先问清是只算载货里程，还是把空驶也算上；“all-in”常表示报价包含燃油附加费等费用，并不自动说明里程含空驶。Rate per Mile: freight revenue divided by the mileage used. Check whether that means loaded miles or loaded plus empty miles. “All-in” commonly concerns included charges, such as fuel, and does not automatically specify that deadhead miles are included.

Cost per Mile：选定期间的运营成本除以同一期间的总行驶里程。不要只算油钱，还要按实际情况计入维修、轮胎、保险、车辆成本等。司机工资里的 CPM 也可能指 cents per mile（每英里几美分），要看上下文。Cost per Mile: operating costs for a period divided by total miles for the same period. Include relevant costs beyond fuel, such as maintenance, tires, insurance, and vehicle costs. In driver-pay discussions, CPM may instead mean cents per mile; check the context.

没有载货时行驶的路段，例如卸货后开去下一处提货点。可能拉着空挂车，也可能只有车头；有没有空驶补偿，要看约定。A leg driven without freight, such as traveling from delivery to the next pickup. It may involve an empty trailer or a tractor alone; compensation for empty miles depends on the agreement.

在 load board / 现货市场上一票一议的运价，随市场短期供需波动。A per-load price negotiated in the spot market (load boards), moving with short-term supply/demand.

客户与承运人对某条线路或一段时期预先约定的运价。价格、有效期和调整方法按合同确定，燃油等费用可能另算；有合同运价不等于保证货量，也不表示它一定高于或低于当时的现货价。A rate agreed in advance for a lane or period. The contract sets pricing, duration, and adjustments; fuel may be separate. A contract rate does not by itself guarantee volume or ensure it is above or below the current spot rate.