06 / PORTS
港口运输Port operations
进港涉及多套凭证和系统。先确认卡在哪一层，再找到对应的港口、车辆或预约资料。Port work involves several credentials and systems. Identify which layer is causing the issue before opening the related port, vehicle, or appointment source.
进港不是“有一张卡就都能办”。先分清司机本人是否能进入、这辆车是否登记、这次提还柜是否具备条件。遇到费用争议，再把当时能不能提、能不能还的证据串起来。Port access is not settled by one card. Separate access for the driver, registration for the truck and readiness for this pickup or return. For a charge dispute, reconstruct whether cargo could actually be collected or equipment returned.
TWIC 内容针对联邦海事安保规则下的无人陪同进入安全区域；车辆登记例子限于洛杉矶港项目说明；费用内容是 FMC 对受其监管主体的集装箱滞期、滞箱做法的解释规则。不能直接推广到所有仓库、港口或公路等待费。TWIC concerns unescorted access to secure areas under federal maritime-security rules. The truck-registration example is Los Angeles-specific program guidance. The FMC content interprets container demurrage and detention practices by regulated entities, not every warehouse, port or highway waiting charge.
先弄清这几条要求Start with these requirements
TWIC 对应的是人员安保准入，不是提柜授权TWIC addresses security access, not authorization to collect cargo
- 具体要求What the rule requires
- 如果需要无人陪同进入这些受监管安全区域，通常先要持有 TWIC；条文本身保留了具体例外。拿到卡并不代表这次货已放行，也不能替代预约、码头身份登记或车辆要求。出发前分别问清：人能否进入、车能否进入、柜能否提走。不能用别人的卡替代自己的身份。A person needing unescorted access to a covered secure area generally needs a TWIC, subject to the stated exceptions. Possessing it does not release cargo or satisfy appointment, terminal-identification and truck requirements. Before departure, separately confirm access for the person, access for the truck and release of the container. Another person’s card does not establish your identity.
(a) (a) All persons requiring unescorted access to secure areas of vessels, facilities, and OCS facilities regulated by parts 104, 105 or 106 of this subchapter must possess a TWIC before such access is granted, except as otherwise noted in this section. A TWIC must be obtained via the procedures established by TSA in 49 CFR part 1572.
人在系统里，不代表车辆也已登记A registered driver does not mean the truck is registered
- 具体要求What the rule requires
- 洛杉矶港项目说明要求进入海运码头的卡车列入 PDTR。车队应分别核对承运人的港口准入资格、这辆车的登记和准确资料，再确认具体码头本次作业的条件。这里引用的是港口项目说明，不是全国统一法规；长滩港或其他港口应查各自要求，不能凭一次进港成功认定以后都没问题。Los Angeles program guidance requires trucks entering marine terminals to be in PDTR. Check the carrier’s port-access standing and the truck’s accurate registration separately, then confirm the terminal’s requirements for this move. This is port program guidance, not a nationwide regulation. Check Long Beach and other ports individually; one successful gate visit does not establish continuing access.
As part of the Clean Truck Program, all trucks entering marine terminals must be on the Ports Drayage Truck Registry (PDTR). It is important for Licensed Motor Carriers (LMC) to confirm their Concession status and maintain accurate truck data in the PDTR. To obtain access to the PDTR, you will be registered in the PDTR upon completion of your concession agreement processing. As of October 1, 2018, new PDTR registrations of trucks entering new service at the Port of Los Angeles must be model year 2014 or newer.
港口官方项目说明，无独立法规条号。本例不引用已到期的旧版 concession 申请期限。Official port program guidance, without a separate legal subsection. This example does not reuse expired concession application dates.
还不了空柜，要保留事实；不是看到收费就只能照付Keep evidence when an empty container cannot be returned
- 具体要求What the rule requires
- FMC 的解释规则会看收费是否还在起“促使尽快流转”的作用。对符合适用范围的空柜滞箱费，如果确实不能还柜、又没有需要另行考虑的情形，收费做法很可能被认定不合理。但这不是“没约到就自动免单”。保存预约限制、拒收通知、联系记录和收费日期，再按收费方的争议流程提出具体理由。The FMC considers whether a charge serves its purpose of encouraging cargo and equipment movement. For covered detention, charges when empty containers cannot be returned are likely unreasonable absent extenuating circumstances. This does not mean an unavailable appointment automatically cancels a bill. Retain appointment restrictions, rejection notices, communications and billed dates, then present specific reasons through the billing party’s dispute process.
(c)(2)(ii) (ii) Empty container return. Absent extenuating circumstances, practices and regulations that provide for imposition of detention when it does not serve its incentivizing purposes, such as when empty containers cannot be returned, are likely to be found unreasonable.
教学例子WORKED EXAMPLE
人和车都没问题，为什么柜还是提不出来？Why might a cleared driver and truck still be unable to collect a container?
教学情境：司机持有自己的 TWIC，车队也核对了车辆登记，到了码头才发现这票货还没放行。问题不一定出在人或车。Example: the driver has a personal TWIC and the carrier has checked truck registration, but the cargo is not released at the terminal. The person and truck may not be the problem.
把问题定位到这一次作业Identify the issue with this move
核对货物放行状态、码头、预约日期与提柜条件，不重复把所有证件重新办一遍。Check cargo release, terminal, appointment date and pickup conditions instead of restarting every credential process.
留下不能作业的记录Keep records of the obstacle
保存系统限制或通知及发生时间，说明是哪票货、哪个码头、哪个时间段不能提或不能还。真实记录由当事人安全保管。Retain the restriction or notice and its timing. Identify the affected cargo, terminal and period. The parties should keep real records securely.
费用出现后，逐项对日期Match any charges to the dates
把账单期间与不能作业的期间对照，通过收费方的争议渠道提出问题；不要把一次闸口拒绝直接推成整张账单无效。Compare the billed period with the documented obstacle and use the billing party’s dispute channel. One gate rejection does not automatically void an entire invoice.
TWIC、车辆登记、货物放行和费用争议，是四件需要分开确认的事。TWIC, truck registration, cargo release and charge disputes require separate checks.
实际工作中，最容易弄错的地方Common mistakes in day-to-day work
预约规则不等于联邦法规Appointment procedures are not federal law
不同码头可能采用不同系统、时段和提还柜条件。读到预约说明时先看是哪家码头、哪个日期适用；出发前用该码头当前发布的安排核对，别把另一家码头的做法直接照搬。Terminals may use different systems, windows and pickup/return conditions. Identify the terminal and applicable date when reading instructions. Check the current instructions for that terminal before departure rather than assuming another terminal’s procedure applies.
公路运输中的 Detention，不能直接套海运规则Highway detention is not automatically covered by this maritime rule
这里的 §545.5 处理受监管主体收取的集装箱、码头空间相关费用，包含适用的 per diem。仓库让司机等卸货的公路等待费，不能仅凭英文词相同就套用本条。Section 545.5 concerns covered container and terminal-space charges, including applicable per diem. A driver’s highway waiting charge at a warehouse is not covered merely because it is also called detention.
完整原文与来源Full text and sources
法规原文 · 英文REGULATION TEXT · ENGLISH
进入港口等受控区域的 TWIC 要求§ 101.514 TWIC Requirement.
官方来源快照；不代表已核对现行汇编及后续修订。请核对来源版本。Official-source snapshot; current consolidated law and subsequent amendments have not been verified.
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法规原文 · 英文REGULATION TEXT · ENGLISH
海运滞箱费、滞期费是否合理的判断原则§ 545.5 Interpretation of Shipping Act of 1984—Unjust and unreasonable practices with respect to demurrage and detention.
官方来源快照；不代表已核对现行汇编及后续修订。请核对来源版本。Official-source snapshot; current consolidated law and subsequent amendments have not been verified.
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官方说明 · 英文OFFICIAL GUIDANCE · ENGLISH
洛杉矶港清洁卡车计划Port of Los Angeles Clean Truck Program
官方来源快照；不代表已核对现行汇编及后续修订。请核对来源版本。Official-source snapshot; current consolidated law and subsequent amendments have not been verified.
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TWIC 和 FMC 原文使用知识库固定留存的官方版次，PDTR 为洛杉矶港官方项目说明。2026-10-12 按库内当前版次重新选择三项来源的节选；PDTR 项目说明不是成文法规，也不能代替 CARB 车辆排放要求或码头当日操作规则。版本、采集时间及限制见各来源；查阅或采集日期不是生效日期。中文为 CTAC 白话说明，不是官方中文译文。TWIC and FMC text uses pinned official-source editions in the library; PDTR is official Port of Los Angeles program guidance. Passages from all three sources were reselected against current library editions on October 12, 2026. PDTR guidance is not codified law and does not replace CARB vehicle-emissions requirements or current terminal procedures. See each source for versions, capture dates and limitations; consultation or capture dates are not effective dates. Chinese text is a CTAC explanation, not an official translation.