12 / MAINTENANCE, PERIODIC INSPECTIONS AND BIT
车辆维修、定期检查与 BITMaintenance, periodic inspections and BIT
日常维护、定期检验和加州 90 天检查各有依据。把适用车辆、检查周期和记录保留期限分别排进维护计划。Routine maintenance, periodic inspection and California’s 90-day inspections have distinct rules. Schedule the applicable vehicles, intervals and retention periods separately.
日常维护、定期检验和加州 90 天检查各有依据。把适用车辆、检查周期和记录保留期限分别排进维护计划。Routine maintenance, periodic inspection and California’s 90-day inspections have distinct rules. Schedule the applicable vehicles, intervals and retention periods separately.
联邦部分针对 Part 396 覆盖车辆；加州部分只针对 CVC §34505.5 所列车辆，并须核对 §34501.12 的责任与豁免。本文不把 BIT 终端检查与每辆车的 90 天检查视为同一程序。Federal portions concern vehicles covered by Part 396. California portions concern vehicles listed in CVC §34505.5, subject to §34501.12 responsibility and exemptions. A BIT terminal inspection is distinct from an individual vehicle’s 90-day inspection.
先弄清这几条要求Start with these requirements
维护要有计划，也要有实际完成记录Keep both a maintenance schedule and completion records
- 具体要求What the rule requires
- 承运人须系统检查、维修并维护车辆。对其控制连续 30 天及以上的适用车辆，记录安排、到期工作及实际检查维修日期与性质；一般保留一年，车辆离开控制后再保留六个月。Carriers must systematically inspect, repair and maintain vehicles. For covered vehicles controlled for at least 30 consecutive days, record scheduled/due work and the date and nature of completed inspections and repairs; generally retain these records for one year and six months after control ends.
(a) (a) General. Every motor carrier and intermodal equipment provider must systematically inspect, repair, and maintain, or cause to be systematically inspected, repaired, and maintained, all motor vehicles and intermodal equipment subject to its control.
(a)(1) (1) Parts and accessories shall be in safe and proper operating condition at all times. These include those specified in part 393 of this subchapter and any additional parts and accessories which may affect safety of operation, including but not limited to, frame and frame assemblies, suspension systems, axles and attaching parts, wheels and rims, and steering systems.
(b) (b) Required records. Motor carriers, except for a private motor carrier of passengers (nonbusiness), must maintain, or cause to be maintained, records for each motor vehicle they control for 30 consecutive days. Intermodal equipment providers must maintain or cause to be maintained, records for each unit of intermodal equipment they tender or intend to tender to a motor carrier. These records must include:
(b)(2) (2) A means to indicate the nature and due date of the various inspection and maintenance operations to be performed;
(b)(3) (3) A record of inspection, repairs, and maintenance indicating their date and nature; and
(c) Record retention. The records required by this section shall be retained where the vehicle is either housed or maintained for a period of 1 year and for 6 months after the motor vehicle leaves the motor carrier's control.
使用固定来源版次；适用日期与例外以原文及历史沿革为准。Uses a fixed source edition; check the original and statutory history for operative dates and exceptions.
组合车辆的每个适用单元都要核对定期检验Check periodic inspection for each covered unit in a combination
- 具体要求What the rule requires
- 除 §396.23 等适用规定外，车辆须在此前 12 个月内通过规定的定期检验，车上携带合规证明。牵引车合格不自动代表挂车或转换台合格。Subject to provisions such as §396.23, the vehicle must have passed the required periodic inspection within the preceding 12 months, with compliant documentation on the vehicle. A compliant tractor does not establish compliance of its trailer or converter dolly.
(a) (a) Every commercial motor vehicle must be inspected as required by this section. The inspection must include, at a minimum, the parts and accessories set forth in appendix A to this part. The term commercial motor vehicle includes each vehicle in a combination vehicle. For example, for a tractor semitrailer, full trailer combination, the tractor, semitrailer, and the full trailer (including the converter dolly if so equipped) must each be inspected.
(b) (b) Except as provided in § 396.23 and this paragraph, motor carriers must inspect or cause to be inspected all motor vehicles subject to their control. Intermodal equipment providers must inspect or cause to be inspected intermodal equipment that is interchanged or intended for interchange to motor carriers in intermodal transportation.
(c) (c) A motor carrier must not use a commercial motor vehicle, and an intermodal equipment provider must not tender equipment to a motor carrier for interchange, unless each component identified in appendix A to this part has passed an inspection in accordance with the terms of this section at least once during the preceding 12 months and documentation of such inspection is on the vehicle. The documentation may be:
(c)(1) (1) The inspection report prepared in accordance with § 396.21(a), or
(c)(2) (2) Other forms of documentation, based on the inspection report (e.g., sticker or decal), which contains the following information:
使用固定来源版次；适用日期与例外以原文及历史沿革为准。Uses a fixed source edition; check the original and statutory history for operative dates and exceptions.
加州适用车辆至少每 90 天检查Inspect covered California vehicles at least every 90 days
- 具体要求What the rule requires
- 本条覆盖车辆须至少每 90 天检查，必要时更频繁；检查包括刹车调整与系统泄漏、转向悬挂、轮胎车轮和连接装置。检查发现的缺陷须修复并由承运人授权代表签字后，方可按本条要求恢复公路运行。记录保留两年。Covered vehicles must be inspected at least every 90 days, or more often as necessary, including brake adjustment/system leaks, steering and suspension, tires/wheels and coupling devices. Correct listed defects and obtain the authorized carrier representative’s certification before resuming highway operation as required. Retain records for two years.
- 条件与例外Conditions and exceptions
- 停驶超过 90 个日历日的车辆可不按 90 天重复检查，但重新上公路前必须检查；前往维修地点的特定处理按原文(b)核对。Vehicles out of service for more than 90 calendar days need not repeat the 90-day interval while idle, but must be inspected before highway operation. Check paragraph (b) for the specific repair-location provision.
(a) (a) Motor carriers operating any vehicle described in subdivision (a), (b), (e), (f), (g), or (k) of Section 34500, except those vehicles exempted under Section 34501.12, shall, as a part of the systematic inspection, maintenance, and lubrication services required of all motor carriers, require the vehicle or vehicles for which it is responsible pursuant to Section 34501.12 to be inspected at least every 90 days, or more often if necessary to ensure safe operation. Vehicles that are out of service for periods greater than 90 calendar days are not required to be inspected at 90-day intervals if they are inspected before operation on the highway. This inspection shall include, but not be limited to, all of the following:
(a)(1) (1) Brake adjustment.
(a)(2) (2) Brake system components and leaks.
(a)(3) (3) Steering and suspension systems.
(a)(4) (4) Tires and wheels.
(a)(5) (5) Vehicle connecting devices.
(b) (b) No vehicle subject to this section shall be operated on the highway other than to a place of repair until all defects listed during the inspection conducted pursuant to subdivision (a) have been corrected and attested to by the signature of the motor carrier’s authorized representative.
(c) (c) Records of inspections conducted pursuant to subdivision (a) shall be kept at the motor carrier’s terminals, as designated in accordance with Section 34501.12. The records shall be retained by the motor carrier for two years, and shall be made available for inspection upon request by any authorized employee of the department. Each record shall include, but not be limited to, all of the following:
使用固定来源版次；适用日期与例外以原文及历史沿革为准。Uses a fixed source edition; check the original and statutory history for operative dates and exceptions.
教学例子WORKED EXAMPLE
挂车停放数月后重新投入使用Returning a trailer to service after months idle
教学场景：车队准备重新使用一辆长期停放的挂车，牵引车的年度检验仍有效。Illustrative scenario: a carrier wants to return a long-idle trailer to service while the tractor’s annual inspection remains current.
逐单元核对Check each unit
单独核对挂车的定期检验和加州检查适用性，不能只看牵引车贴纸。Check the trailer’s periodic inspection and California inspection applicability separately; do not rely on the tractor’s sticker.
先检查修复，再恢复使用Inspect and repair before return
对适用的长期停驶车辆，在公路运行前完成检查、缺陷处理和记录。For covered long-idle equipment, complete inspection, defect correction and records before highway operation.
多套检查可以协调安排，但不能互相默认替代。Inspection work can be coordinated, but one requirement does not automatically replace another.
实际工作中，最容易弄错的地方Common mistakes in day-to-day work
“有年检，所以不用 90 天检查”“An annual inspection replaces the 90-day inspection”
周期、适用范围与检查项目不同；是否符合各自要求须分别核对。Their intervals, scope and inspection requirements differ; check compliance with each applicable rule separately.
完整原文与来源Full text and sources
法规原文 · 英文REGULATION TEXT · ENGLISH
车辆检查、维修与保养要求§ 396.3 Inspection, repair, and maintenance.
官方来源快照；不代表已核对现行汇编及后续修订。请核对来源版本。Official-source snapshot; current consolidated law and subsequent amendments have not been verified.
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法规原文 · 英文REGULATION TEXT · ENGLISH
商用车辆定期检查§ 396.17 Periodic inspection.
官方来源快照；不代表已核对现行汇编及后续修订。请核对来源版本。Official-source snapshot; current consolidated law and subsequent amendments have not been verified.
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法规原文 · 英文REGULATION TEXT · ENGLISH
加州车辆定期检查与维修记录California Vehicle Code § 34505.5
官方来源快照；不代表已核对现行汇编及后续修订。请核对来源版本。Official-source snapshot; current consolidated law and subsequent amendments have not been verified.
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依据关联的官方原文及官方项目说明起草。中文和英文解读均为 CTAC AI 辅助工作稿，未经人工审核；教学案例不是实际会员记录。采集日期不是法规生效日期。Drafted from linked official texts and agency guidance. Both language interpretations are CTAC AI-assisted drafts pending human review; examples are illustrative, not member records. Capture dates are not legal effective dates.