02 / HOURS & ELD
工时与驾驶记录Hours & logs
把驾驶、工作、休息和电子日志放在同一条时间线上核对。这里提供查找方向，不替你判断一次具体行程是否合法。Compare driving, work, rest, and electronic logs on one timeline. These paths help you research the rules without deciding whether a specific trip is compliant.
HOS 管的是司机什么时候还能继续开商用车：既看当天累计开了多久，也看从上岗起经过了多久，还要看连续多天的值勤总量。ELD 用来记录这些时间，不会替司机或车队增加可用工时。Hours-of-service rules govern when a driver may continue driving a commercial motor vehicle. They look at driving time, elapsed time since coming on duty, and on-duty totals across consecutive days. An ELD records those hours; it does not create additional available time.
下面是受 49 CFR § 395.3 约束的一般联邦载货车辆规则概览。客运、短途运营、卧铺拆分、恶劣驾驶条件、紧急情况及其他 § 395.1 例外可能改变适用结果；州内运营也可能适用不同规则。This is an overview of the general federal property-carrying rules under 49 CFR § 395.3. Passenger operations, short-haul operations, sleeper-berth splits, adverse driving conditions, emergencies, and other § 395.1 exceptions can change the result. Intrastate operations may also follow different rules.
先弄清这几条要求Start with these requirements
连续休息 10 小时后的驾驶上限Driving limit after 10 consecutive hours off duty
- 具体要求What the rule requires
- 一般规则下，连续休息至少 10 小时后，最多可驾驶 11 小时，同时受 14 小时窗口约束。装卸、加油或等待等非驾驶时间不计入这 11 小时，但会经过 14 小时窗口；不能把 11 小时理解为可不间断地一直开。Under the general rules, at least 10 consecutive hours off duty permit up to 11 hours of driving, also subject to the 14-hour window. Loading, fueling and waiting do not count toward the 11 driving hours, but time still passes in the 14-hour window. The 11-hour limit does not authorize uninterrupted driving.
(a)(1) Start of work shift. A driver may not drive without first taking 10 consecutive hours off duty;
(a)(3)(i) Driving time. A driver may drive a total of 11 hours during the period specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
原文中的 (a)(2)，就是下一条的 14 小时窗口。Paragraph (a)(2) is the 14-hour window shown next.
上岗后允许驾驶的连续窗口Consecutive driving window after coming on duty
- 具体要求What the rule requires
- 在连续休息 10 小时后上岗，通常必须在接下来的连续 14 小时内完成驾驶。普通的午休、排队或其他下班时间不会自动把窗口往后推；符合条件的卧铺拆分或其他例外要另按 § 395.1 判断。After coming on duty following 10 consecutive hours off duty, driving generally must be completed within the next 14 consecutive hours. An ordinary meal break, queue, or other off-duty period does not automatically extend the window. A qualifying sleeper-berth split or another exception must be evaluated separately under § 395.1.
(a)(2) 14-hour period. A driver may not drive after a period of 14 consecutive hours after coming on-duty following 10 consecutive hours off-duty.
继续驾驶前需要 30 分钟非驾驶中断A 30-minute non-driving interruption before more driving
- 具体要求What the rule requires
- 累计驾驶到 8 小时后，如果中间没有连续 30 分钟的非驾驶时间，就要先完成这段中断才能继续驾驶。这个 30 分钟可以是下班、卧铺、在岗但未驾驶，或这些非驾驶状态的连续组合；符合短途例外的司机可能不受这项要求约束。After 8 cumulative driving hours without a consecutive 30-minute interruption in driving, a driver must complete that interruption before driving again. The 30 minutes may be off duty, sleeper berth, on duty but not driving, or a consecutive combination of those non-driving statuses. Drivers who qualify for a short-haul exception may be exempt from this requirement.
(a)(3)(ii) Interruption of driving time. Except for drivers who qualify for either of the short-haul exceptions in § 395.1(e)(1) or (2), driving is not permitted if more than 8 hours of driving time have passed without at least a consecutive 30-minute interruption in driving status.
多日值勤累计，也会限制继续驾驶Cumulative on-duty hours also limit driving
- 具体要求What the rule requires
- 车队不是每天运营时，通常按连续 7 天内 60 小时值勤计算；车队每天运营时可采用连续 8 天内 70 小时。达到适用上限后不能继续驾驶。连续休息至少 34 小时可以重新开始相应的 7 天或 8 天周期，但仍要核对实际适用规则。A carrier that does not operate every day generally uses 60 on-duty hours in 7 consecutive days; a carrier that operates every day may use 70 hours in 8 consecutive days. Driving is not allowed after the applicable limit is reached. At least 34 consecutive hours off duty can restart the applicable 7- or 8-day period, subject to the rules that apply to the operation.
教学例子WORKED EXAMPLE
只开了 8 小时，为什么也不能继续开？Why might 8 hours of driving still be the limit today?
假设采用一般载货规则，没有适用例外：你已连续休息至少 10 小时，早上 6 点上岗；当天有些时间用于检查、装卸和等待。Assume the general property-carrier rules and no applicable exception. After at least 10 consecutive hours off duty, you come on duty at 6 a.m. Part of the day goes to checks, loading and waiting.
到晚上 8 点，即使累计只开了 8 小时，也不能因为“还没开满 11 小时”就继续驾驶。14 小时窗口和驾驶时长限制，必须同时满足。At 8 p.m., having driven only 8 hours does not let you keep driving because you have not reached 11. The driving limit and the 14-hour window both apply.
这个例子只解释 11 小时与 14 小时的区别；实际驾驶还要同时满足休息间隔、累计工时等其他要求。This example only compares the 11-hour limit with the 14-hour window. Break, cumulative-duty and other applicable requirements must also be met.
实际工作中，最容易弄错的地方Common mistakes in day-to-day work
14 小时限制驾驶，不是所有工作的统一上限The 14-hour window limits driving, not all work
窗口结束后不能再驾驶，不等于这条规则要求所有工作立刻停止。之后的非驾驶值勤仍会计入 60／70 小时的累计；再开车前，还要满足相应休息和其他适用条件。不要把“还可以做其他工作”误当成“还可以继续开车”。The end of the driving window does not mean this rule requires every kind of work to stop. Subsequent on-duty, non-driving work still counts toward the 60/70-hour total. Before driving again, the applicable rest and other requirements must be met. Permission to do other work is not permission to keep driving.
30 分钟规则看的是驾驶，不是从上岗起算The 30-minute rule is based on driving, not time since coming on duty
需要追踪的是自上一次连续 30 分钟非驾驶中断后，累计开了多少小时。仓库等待或装卸如果真实记录为“在岗但未驾驶”，也可以满足这 30 分钟；关键是状态必须与实际活动一致。短暂停车几分钟不能拼成一段不连续的 30 分钟。Track cumulative driving since the last consecutive 30-minute non-driving interruption. Time waiting or loading at a facility can satisfy the 30 minutes when it is accurately recorded as on duty but not driving. The recorded status must match what actually happened. Several separate short stops do not combine into one consecutive 30-minute interruption.
ELD 显示时间，不替你判断例外An ELD displays time; it does not decide whether an exception applies
电子日志应如实反映驾驶、在岗未驾驶、卧铺和下班状态。停车位难找、调度催促或设备提示本身不会自动改变法定时限；如果考虑恶劣驾驶条件、卧铺拆分或短途等规则，要把实际条件、日志状态和 § 395.1 的具体要求一起核对。Electronic logs should accurately show driving, on-duty not-driving, sleeper-berth, and off-duty status. Difficulty finding parking, dispatch pressure, or a device alert does not by itself change the legal limits. When considering adverse-driving, sleeper-berth, short-haul, or another provision, compare the actual conditions and duty statuses with the specific requirements in § 395.1.
完整原文与来源Full text and sources
法规原文 · 英文REGULATION TEXT · ENGLISH
货运司机的驾驶时间与休息要求§ 395.3 Maximum driving time for property-carrying vehicles.
官方来源快照；不代表已核对现行汇编及后续修订。请核对来源版本。Official-source snapshot; current consolidated law and subsequent amendments have not been verified.
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本页原文使用知识库中固定留存的 §395.3 版本，版本日期见全文。2026-10-11 对照了官方 eCFR（页面标示截至 2026-10-07），未发现影响本页解读的差异；查阅日期不代表重新采集了原文，也不是生效日期。中文为 CTAC 白话说明，不是官方中文译文；具体适用仍须结合官方原文与实际情况。The text uses the pinned library edition of §395.3; see the full-text reader for its version. Comparison with official eCFR on 2026-10-11 (displayed current through 2026-10-07) found no difference affecting these explanations. Consultation is not a new capture or effective date. Chinese text is a CTAC explanation, not an official translation; application depends on official text and actual circumstances.