14 / CARGO SECUREMENT AND EN-ROUTE CHECKS
货物固定与装载后检查Cargo securement and en-route checks
货物固定要同时满足防移动、强度和绑带数量要求。装好后还要按适用规则在途中复查。Cargo securement must satisfy movement prevention, strength and tiedown-count requirements together. Reinspect during the trip where the rules require it.
货物固定要同时满足防移动、强度和绑带数量要求。装好后还要按适用规则在途中复查。Cargo securement must satisfy movement prevention, strength and tiedown-count requirements together. Reinspect during the trip where the rules require it.
适用于联邦货运车辆的货物固定规则。以下讲一般件货；卷钢、木材、车辆、集装箱等还须核对各自专门规则，罐体与散装货物也有不同条件。For cargo securement on federally regulated property-carrying vehicles. This covers general articles; coils, lumber, vehicles, containers and other commodities have additional specific rules, and bulk/tank cargo has distinct conditions.
先弄清这几条要求Start with these requirements
强度足够，也要阻止滚动和移动Provide sufficient strength and prevent rolling or shifting
- 具体要求What the rule requires
- 货物必须用足够强度的结构、垫木、绑带或组合方式固定；易滚动货物还要防滚。一般总工作载荷限值须至少达到所固定货物重量的一半，但不同连接方式的计入方法不同，不是把每条绑带标签上的数字直接相加。Immobilize cargo using adequately strong structures, dunnage, tiedowns or combinations; restrain articles that can roll. Aggregate working load limit generally must be at least half the secured cargo’s weight, but the credited amount depends on attachment configuration, not a simple sum of all tiedown labels.
(a) (a) Applicability. The rules in this section are applicable to the transportation of all types of articles of cargo, except commodities in bulk that lack structure or fixed shape (e.g., liquids, gases, grain, liquid concrete, sand, gravel, aggregates) and are transported in a tank, hopper, box, or similar device that forms part of the structure of a commercial motor vehicle. The rules in this section apply to the cargo types covered by the commodity-specific rules of § 393.116 through § 393.136. The commodity-specific rules take precedence over the general requirements of this section when additional requirements are given for a commodity listed in those sections.
(b) (b) General. Cargo must be firmly immobilized or secured on or within a vehicle by structures of adequate strength, dunnage or dunnage bags, shoring bars, tiedowns or a combination of these.
(c) (c) Cargo placement and restraint. (1) Articles of cargo that are likely to roll must be restrained by chocks, wedges, a cradle or other equivalent means to prevent rolling. The means of preventing rolling must not be capable of becoming unintentionally unfastened or loose while the vehicle is in transit.
(d) Aggregate working load limit for tiedowns. The aggregate working load limit of tiedowns used to secure an article or group of articles against movement must be at least one-half times the weight of the article or group of articles. The aggregate working load limit is the sum of:
(1) One-half the working load limit of each tiedown that goes from an anchor point on the vehicle to an anchor point on an article of cargo;
(2) One-half the working load limit of each tiedown that is attached to an anchor point on the vehicle, passes through, over, or around the article of cargo, and is then attached to an anchor point on the same side of the vehicle.
(3) The working load limit for each tiedown that goes from an anchor point on the vehicle, through, over, or around the article of cargo, and then attaches to another anchor point on the other side of the vehicle.
使用固定来源版次；适用日期与例外以原文及历史沿革为准。Uses a fixed source edition; check the original and statutory history for operative dates and exceptions.
绑带条数与 WLL 要分别过关Meet both the tiedown count and the WLL requirement
- 具体要求What the rule requires
- 对没有有效阻挡前移的一般件货：长不超过 5 英尺且重不超过 1,100 磅至少一条；同样长度但更重，或长超过 5 英尺至 10 英尺，至少两条；超过 10 英尺时前 10 英尺两条，之后每增加 10 英尺或不足 10 英尺再加一条。有效阻挡前移时一般每 10 英尺或不足 10 英尺至少一条。For general articles not effectively blocked against forward movement: at least one tiedown if no longer than five feet and no heavier than 1,100 pounds; at least two if heavier at that length or longer than five but no longer than ten feet. Above ten feet, use two for the first ten feet plus one for each additional ten feet or fraction. With effective forward blocking, generally use at least one per ten feet or fraction.
- 条件与例外Conditions and exceptions
- 专门货物和特殊形状大型机械另有规则；达到最少条数也不代表总 WLL 或其他固定要求一定合格。Commodity-specific and special-purpose large machinery rules may differ. Meeting the minimum count alone does not establish adequate WLL or full securement compliance.
(a) (a) When tiedowns are used as part of a cargo securement system, the minimum number of tiedowns required to secure an article or group of articles against movement depends on the length of the article(s) being secured, and the requirements of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section. These requirements are in addition to the rules under § 393.106.
(b) (b) When an article is not blocked or positioned to prevent movement in the forward direction by a headerboard, bulkhead, other cargo that is positioned to prevent movement, or other appropriate blocking devices, it must be secured by at least:
(b)(1) (1) One tiedown for articles 5 feet (1.52 meters) or less in length, and 1,100 pounds (500 kg) or less in weight;
(b)(2) (2) Two tiedowns if the article is:
(b)(2)(i) (i) 5 feet (1.52 meters) or less in length and more than 1,100 pounds (500 kg) in weight; or
(b)(2)(ii) (ii) Longer than 5 feet (1.52 meters) but less than or equal to 10 feet (3.04 meters) in length, irrespective of the weight.
(b)(3) (3) Two tiedowns if the article is longer than 10 feet (3.04 meters), and one additional tiedown for every 10 feet (3.04 meters) of article length, or fraction thereof, beyond the first 10 feet (3.04 meters) of length.
(c) (c) If an individual article is blocked, braced, or immobilized to prevent movement in the forward direction by a headerboard, bulkhead, other articles which are adequately secured or by an appropriate blocking or immobilization method, it must be secured by at least one tiedown for every 3.04 meters (10 feet) of article length, or fraction thereof.
(d) (d) Special rule for special purpose vehicles. The rules in this section do not apply to a vehicle transporting one or more articles of cargo such as, but not limited to, machinery or fabricated structural items (e.g., steel or concrete beams, crane booms, girders, and trusses, etc.) which, because of their design, size, shape, or weight, must be fastened by special methods. However, any article of cargo carried on that vehicle must be securely and adequately fastened to the vehicle.
使用固定来源版次；适用日期与例外以原文及历史沿革为准。Uses a fixed source edition; check the original and statutory history for operative dates and exceptions.
出发前、前 50 英里和后续节点复查Recheck before departure, within 50 miles and at later triggers
- 具体要求What the rule requires
- 按适用规则出发前检查货物与固定装置，行驶最初 50 英里内复查并调整；之后在工作状态改变、驾驶三小时或行驶 150 英里中先到的节点复查。Under the applicable rule, inspect cargo and securement before departure, within the first 50 miles, and afterward at a duty-status change or after three hours or 150 miles of driving, whichever occurs first.
- 条件与例外Conditions and exceptions
- 本条(b)对被命令不得开启的封签车辆及无法实际检查的装载方式有例外；这不把(a)中的安全装载责任一并取消。Paragraph (b) has exceptions for sealed loads the driver has been ordered not to open and impracticably loaded cargo; it does not remove the safe-loading duties in paragraph (a).
(a)(1) (1) The commercial motor vehicle's cargo is properly distributed and adequately secured as specified in §§ 393.100 through 393.136 of this subchapter.
(b)(1) (1) Assure himself/herself that the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section have been complied with before he/she drives that commercial motor vehicle;
(b)(2) (2) Inspect the cargo and the devices used to secure the cargo within the first 50 miles after beginning a trip and cause any adjustments to be made to the cargo or load securement devices as necessary, including adding more securement devices, to ensure that cargo cannot shift on or within, or fall from the commercial motor vehicle; and
(b)(3) (3) Reexamine the commercial motor vehicle's cargo and its load securement devices during the course of transportation and make any necessary adjustment to the cargo or load securement devices, including adding more securement devices, to ensure that cargo cannot shift on or within, or fall from, the commercial motor vehicle. Reexamination and any necessary adjustments must be made whenever—
(b)(3)(i) (i) The driver makes a change of his/her duty status; or
(b)(3)(ii) (ii) The commercial motor vehicle has been driven for 3 hours; or
(b)(3)(iii) (iii) The commercial motor vehicle has been driven for 150 miles, whichever occurs first.
(b)(4) (4) The rules in this paragraph (b) do not apply to the driver of a sealed commercial motor vehicle who has been ordered not to open it to inspect its cargo or to the driver of a commercial motor vehicle that has been loaded in a manner that makes inspection of its cargo impracticable.
使用固定来源版次；适用日期与例外以原文及历史沿革为准。Uses a fixed source edition; check the original and statutory history for operative dates and exceptions.
教学例子WORKED EXAMPLE
货物不长，但重量增加了A short article is heavier than expected
教学场景：一件未阻挡前移的货物长 4 英尺、重 1,500 磅，装货人员说“一条绑带就够”。Illustrative scenario: an article is four feet long, weighs 1,500 pounds and is not blocked forward; the loader says one tiedown is enough.
先查条数条件Check the count condition
它超过 1,100 磅，一般条数规则至少两条，而不是只看长度。It exceeds 1,100 pounds, so the general count rule requires at least two tiedowns, not a decision based only on length.
再核对强度与防移动Then check strength and restraint
另算有效 WLL，检查锚点、边缘保护及防滚动等实际需要，出发后按规则复查。Separately calculate credited WLL, check anchors, edge protection and any rolling restraint, and perform the required trip checks.
最少绑带条数和载荷强度是两道不同条件。Minimum tiedown count and load capacity are separate conditions.
实际工作中，最容易弄错的地方Common mistakes in day-to-day work
“封签货柜什么都不用检查”“A sealed container needs no checks”
封签例外有具体条件，也只作用于对应复查义务；车辆连接、外部装置及安全装载要求仍须按适用规则处理。The sealed-load exception is conditional and limited to the specified inspection duty; applicable coupling, external equipment and safe-loading obligations remain.
完整原文与来源Full text and sources
法规原文 · 英文REGULATION TEXT · ENGLISH
货物固定的通用要求§ 393.106 General requirements for securing articles of cargo.
官方来源快照；不代表已核对现行汇编及后续修订。请核对来源版本。Official-source snapshot; current consolidated law and subsequent amendments have not been verified.
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法规原文 · 英文REGULATION TEXT · ENGLISH
货物系固装置的最低数量§ 393.110 Additional requirements for determining the minimum number of tiedowns.
官方来源快照；不代表已核对现行汇编及后续修订。请核对来源版本。Official-source snapshot; current consolidated law and subsequent amendments have not been verified.
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法规原文 · 英文REGULATION TEXT · ENGLISH
货物与固定装置的检查§ 392.9 Inspection of cargo, cargo securement devices and systems.
官方来源快照；不代表已核对现行汇编及后续修订。请核对来源版本。Official-source snapshot; current consolidated law and subsequent amendments have not been verified.
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依据关联的官方原文及官方项目说明起草。中文和英文解读均为 CTAC AI 辅助工作稿，未经人工审核；教学案例不是实际会员记录。采集日期不是法规生效日期。Drafted from linked official texts and agency guidance. Both language interpretations are CTAC AI-assisted drafts pending human review; examples are illustrative, not member records. Capture dates are not legal effective dates.