03 / MEDICAL CERTIFICATION AND FITNESS
体检、视力与健康资格Medical certification and fitness
先确认体检是否仍有效，再核对是否需要更短的复查周期。证书尚未到期，也不代表受伤或患病后可以直接继续驾驶。Check whether medical certification is valid and whether a shorter examination interval applies. An unexpired certificate does not automatically authorize driving after a disqualifying injury or illness.
先确认体检是否仍有效，再核对是否需要更短的复查周期。证书尚未到期，也不代表受伤或患病后可以直接继续驾驶。Check whether medical certification is valid and whether a shorter examination interval applies. An unexpired certificate does not automatically authorize driving after a disqualifying injury or illness.
适用于联邦 Part 391 体检资格规则覆盖的商业驾驶员；例外按相应分部核对。这里不替医生判定个人疾病或用药是否适任，也不把联邦要求直接当作所有加州州内运输的全部条件。For commercial drivers covered by the federal Part 391 medical qualification rules, subject to applicable exceptions. This guide does not decide individual fitness or medication safety, or treat the federal rules as the complete requirements for every California intrastate operation.
先弄清这几条要求Start with these requirements
找符合要求的体检人员Use an eligible medical examiner
- 具体要求What the rule requires
- 一般应由列在 National Registry 的体检人员完成商业驾驶资格体检。眼科专业人员可以完成规定的视力部分；这不等于单凭验光结果就完成整套驾驶资格认证。The examination generally must be performed by a medical examiner on the National Registry. An eligible eye specialist may perform the visual portion; an eye examination alone is not the full medical qualification examination.
(a) (a) Except as provided by paragraph (b) of this section, the medical examination must be performed by a medical examiner listed on the National Registry of Certified Medical Examiners under subpart D of part 390 of this chapter.
(b) (b) Exceptions:
(b)(1) (1) A licensed ophthalmologist or licensed optometrist may perform the part of the medical examination that involves visual acuity, field of vision, and the ability to recognize colors as specified in § 391.41(b)(10).
(b)(2) (2) A certified VA medical examiner must only perform medical examinations of veteran operators.
使用固定来源版次；适用日期与例外以原文及历史沿革为准。Uses a fixed source edition; check the original and statutory history for operative dates and exceptions.
24 个月是一般上限，不是人人自动获得的有效期Twenty-four months is a general interval, not a guaranteed certificate term
- 具体要求What the rule requires
- 一般规则要求在此前 24 个月内完成体检和认证；按 §391.44 的替代视力标准或 §391.46 的胰岛素治疗糖尿病标准驾驶者，须核对 12 个月要求。实际还要遵守体检人员签发的更短期限。受伤或患病影响正常驾驶能力时，需要重新体检认证。The general rule requires examination and certification within the preceding 24 months. Drivers qualifying under the alternative vision standard in §391.44 or the insulin-treated diabetes standard in §391.46 must check the 12-month requirement and any shorter certification issued. An injury or disease impairing normal driving ability calls for examination and certification.
- 条件与例外Conditions and exceptions
- 本条另有特定类别及被判定不合格后的规则，必须一并核对；不能只看证书上的到期日。Additional category-specific and post-disqualification provisions also apply; do not rely solely on the printed expiration date.
(b) (b) Any driver who has not been medically examined and certified as qualified to operate a commercial motor vehicle during the preceding 24 months, unless the driver is required to be examined and certified in accordance with paragraph (c), (e), (f), (g), or (h) of this section;
(e) (e) Any driver who has diabetes mellitus treated with insulin for control and who has obtained a medical examiner's certificate under the standards in § 391.46, if such driver's most recent medical examination and certification as qualified to drive did not occur during the preceding 12 months;
(f) (f) Any driver who does not satisfy, with the worse eye, either the distant visual acuity standard with corrective lenses or the field of vision standard, or both, in § 391.41(b)(10)(i) and who has obtained a medical examiner's certificate under the standards in § 391.44, if such driver's most recent medical examination and certification as qualified to drive did not occur during the preceding 12 months;
(g) (g) Any driver whose ability to perform his or her normal duties has been impaired by a physical or mental injury or disease; and
(h) (h) On or after June 23, 2025, any person found by a medical examiner not to be physically qualified to operate a commercial motor vehicle under the provisions of paragraph (g)(3) of § 391.43.
使用固定来源版次；适用日期与例外以原文及历史沿革为准。Uses a fixed source edition; check the original and statutory history for operative dates and exceptions.
CDL 的医疗资格记录要核对到州驾驶记录Check the medical status recorded in the CDL driving record
- 具体要求What the rule requires
- 对 CDL 持有人，承运人应从当前发证州取得 CDLIS 驾驶记录；如果该记录包含医疗资格状态，资格档案应按 §391.51(b)(6)(ii) 保存该记录。不要把已结束的临时纸质证书替代窗口当作长期规则；提交或同步异常应与体检人员、州驾照机构和承运人核对。For CDL holders, obtain the CDLIS motor vehicle record from the current licensing state; if it contains medical certification status, retain that record in the qualification file under §391.51(b)(6)(ii). Do not treat an expired temporary paper-certificate substitution window as a permanent rule. Resolve submission or synchronization issues with the examiner, licensing agency and carrier.
(ii) For CDL holders, beginning January 30, 2012, if the CDLIS motor vehicle record contains medical certification status information, the motor carrier employer must meet this requirement by obtaining the CDLIS motor vehicle record defined at § 384.105 of this chapter. That record must be obtained from the current licensing State and placed in the driver qualification file. After January 30, 2015, a non-excepted, interstate CDL holder without medical certification status information on the CDLIS motor vehicle record is designated “not-certified” to operate a CMV in interstate commerce. After January 30, 2015, and through June 22, 2025, a motor carrier may use a copy of the driver's current medical examiner's certificate that was submitted to the State for up to 15 days from the date it was issued as proof of medical certification.
使用固定来源版次；适用日期与例外以原文及历史沿革为准。Uses a fixed source edition; check the original and statutory history for operative dates and exceptions.
教学例子WORKED EXAMPLE
证书未到期，但恢复上班前又受过伤An unexpired certificate after an intervening injury
教学场景：司机的医疗证书还有数月有效期，但近期受伤，想直接恢复长途驾驶。Illustrative scenario: a driver has several months left on a medical certificate but recently sustained an injury and wants to resume long-haul work.
先判断是否触发重新体检Check whether re-examination is triggered
把受伤后影响驾驶能力的情况如实交给合格体检人员评估，不能由调度以“还没过期”代替判断。Give the eligible examiner accurate information about any impairment; dispatch cannot replace that assessment by saying the certificate has not expired.
核对证书与州记录Check both certification and the state record
确认新的认证结果和期限，承运人再核对所需的州驾驶记录后安排工作。Confirm the certification result and term, then have the carrier check the required state driving record before assigning work.
有效期、当前身体状况和资格记录要同时成立。The certification term, current fitness and qualification record all matter.
实际工作中，最容易弄错的地方Common mistakes in day-to-day work
“我有一张体检卡，所以任何状态都能开”“I have a medical card, so I can drive in any condition”
体检认证不免除疾病、疲劳或其他影响安全驾驶时的停驶责任；具体健康判断交由合格人员处理。Certification does not remove the obligation to avoid driving when illness, fatigue or another condition makes it unsafe; individual medical decisions belong with qualified professionals.
完整原文与来源Full text and sources
法规原文 · 英文REGULATION TEXT · ENGLISH
司机体检与体检证明§ 391.43 Medical examination; certificate of physical examination.
官方来源快照；不代表已核对现行汇编及后续修订。请核对来源版本。Official-source snapshot; current consolidated law and subsequent amendments have not been verified.
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法规原文 · 英文REGULATION TEXT · ENGLISH
哪些司机需要体检和认证§ 391.45 Persons who must be medically examined and certified.
官方来源快照；不代表已核对现行汇编及后续修订。请核对来源版本。Official-source snapshot; current consolidated law and subsequent amendments have not been verified.
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法规原文 · 英文REGULATION TEXT · ENGLISH
车队应保存的司机资格档案§ 391.51 General requirements for driver qualification files.
官方来源快照；不代表已核对现行汇编及后续修订。请核对来源版本。Official-source snapshot; current consolidated law and subsequent amendments have not been verified.
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依据关联的官方原文及官方项目说明起草。中文和英文解读均为 CTAC AI 辅助工作稿，未经人工审核；教学案例不是实际会员记录。采集日期不是法规生效日期。Drafted from linked official texts and agency guidance. Both language interpretations are CTAC AI-assisted drafts pending human review; examples are illustrative, not member records. Capture dates are not legal effective dates.