法规速查Regulation Navigator
先看懂要求，再查清依据。Understand the rule. Find its source.
部分资料含历史版本或来源限制。收录日期不代表现行性已复核；请先核对每项官方来源、版本和适用范围。Some records contain historical versions or source limitations. Capture dates do not establish a review of current requirements; check each official source, edition and scope before use.
法规索引Regulation index
按中文名称了解每条管什么，再展开查看解读与官方原文。Browse by subject, then expand an entry for available explanations and official text.
司机体检与体检证明§ 391.43 Medical examination; certificate of physical examination.查体检怎么进行，以及体检证明的相关要求。Driver qualifications§ 391.43 Medical examination; certificate of physical examination.司机体检与体检证明
哪些司机需要体检和认证§ 391.45 Persons who must be medically examined and certified.查哪些司机需要体检、哪些情况需要重新体检。Driver qualifications§ 391.45 Persons who must be medically examined and certified.哪些司机需要体检和认证
本节介绍联邦 49 CFR Parts 391 与 382 中常用的资格要求，供新司机和车队检查上岗条件。具体适用范围、州内运营规则、资格例外、豁免、限制及个人体检周期，仍须结合实际运营和官方现行资料判断。These are common entry points under 49 CFR Parts 391 and 382 for pre-driving review. Applicability, intrastate rules, qualification exceptions, exemptions, restrictions, and individual medical-certification periods still depend on the operation and current official sources.
体检一般每 24 个月一次，部分情况要求更短Be medically qualified first; 24 months is not automatic for everyone
- 具体要求What the rule requires
- 受 Part 391 体检规则约束的司机，须完成合格体检认证后才能具备相应资格。一般条款要求在此前 24 个月内完成体检认证；仅在豁免市内区域驾驶、符合胰岛素治疗糖尿病或特定视力条款的司机，则适用 12 个月周期。身体或精神伤病影响正常履职，以及被医疗检查员依 § 391.43(g)(3) 判定不具备身体资格的情况，也须按相应条款重新体检。具体应查看证书期限、州驾照记录，以及 §§ 391.41、391.43、391.44、391.46 和 391.62 的适用条件。A person subject to the Part 391 medical rules is not medically qualified merely because an exam is scheduled. The general provision asks whether examination and certification occurred within the preceding 24 months; however, drivers limited to an exempt intracity zone, drivers covered by the insulin-treated diabetes or specified vision provisions, drivers whose physical or mental injury or disease impairs normal duties, and persons found medically unqualified under § 391.43(g)(3) must be examined on the applicable shorter cycle or reexamined as the section requires. Next check the actual certificate period, the State license record, and the applicable conditions in §§ 391.41, 391.43, 391.44, 391.46, and 391.62.
The following persons must be medically examined and certified in accordance with § 391.43 as physically qualified to operate a commercial motor vehicle:
(a) (a) Any person who has not been medically examined and certified as physically qualified to operate a commercial motor vehicle;
适用于联邦 Part 391 体检资格规则覆盖的商业驾驶员，相关例外须按相应分部查阅。个人疾病或用药是否影响驾驶资格，应由符合要求的体检人员结合适用标准评估；加州州内运输还可能有联邦要求以外的条件。For commercial drivers covered by the federal Part 391 medical qualification rules, subject to applicable exceptions. This guide does not decide individual fitness or medication safety, or treat the federal rules as the complete requirements for every California intrastate operation.
一般体检周期为 24 个月，实际期限可能更短Twenty-four months is a general interval, not a guaranteed certificate term
- 具体要求What the rule requires
- 一般规则要求在此前 24 个月内完成体检和认证。按 §391.44 替代视力标准或 §391.46 胰岛素治疗糖尿病标准驾驶的人员，须检查适用的 12 个月要求，并遵守体检人员签发的更短期限。受伤或患病影响正常驾驶能力时，需要重新体检认证。The general rule requires examination and certification within the preceding 24 months. Drivers qualifying under the alternative vision standard in §391.44 or the insulin-treated diabetes standard in §391.46 must check the 12-month requirement and any shorter certification issued. An injury or disease impairing normal driving ability calls for examination and certification.
- 条件与例外Conditions and exceptions
- 本条还规定了特定类别及被判定不合格后的要求。判断体检是否符合要求时，除证书到期日外，也须检查这些规定。Additional category-specific and post-disqualification provisions also apply; do not rely solely on the printed expiration date.
(b) (b) Any driver who has not been medically examined and certified as qualified to operate a commercial motor vehicle during the preceding 24 months, unless the driver is required to be examined and certified in accordance with paragraph (c), (e), (f), (g), or (h) of this section;
(e) (e) Any driver who has diabetes mellitus treated with insulin for control and who has obtained a medical examiner's certificate under the standards in § 391.46, if such driver's most recent medical examination and certification as qualified to drive did not occur during the preceding 12 months;
(f) (f) Any driver who does not satisfy, with the worse eye, either the distant visual acuity standard with corrective lenses or the field of vision standard, or both, in § 391.41(b)(10)(i) and who has obtained a medical examiner's certificate under the standards in § 391.44, if such driver's most recent medical examination and certification as qualified to drive did not occur during the preceding 12 months;
(g) (g) Any driver whose ability to perform his or her normal duties has been impaired by a physical or mental injury or disease; and
(h) (h) On or after June 23, 2025, any person found by a medical examiner not to be physically qualified to operate a commercial motor vehicle under the provisions of paragraph (g)(3) of § 391.43.
使用固定来源版次；适用日期与例外以原文及历史沿革为准。Uses a fixed source edition; check the original and statutory history for operative dates and exceptions.
法规原文 · 英文REGULATION TEXT · ENGLISH
哪些司机需要体检和认证§ 391.45 Persons who must be medically examined and certified.
官方来源快照；不代表已核对现行汇编及后续修订。请核对来源版本。Official-source snapshot; current consolidated law and subsequent amendments have not been verified.
展开英文原文Read the English original收起英文原文Hide the English original
49 CFR 391.45 · § 391.45 Persons who must be medically examined and certified.
§ 391.45 Persons who must be medically examined and certified.
The following persons must be medically examined and certified in accordance with § 391.43 as physically qualified to operate a commercial motor vehicle:
(a)Any person who has not been medically examined and certified as physically qualified to operate a commercial motor vehicle;
(b)Any driver who has not been medically examined and certified as qualified to operate a commercial motor vehicle during the preceding 24 months, unless the driver is required to be examined and certified in accordance with paragraph (c), (e), (f), (g), or (h) of this section;
(c)Any driver authorized to operate a commercial motor vehicle only within an exempt intracity zone pursuant to § 391.62, if such driver has not been medically examined and certified as qualified to drive in such zone during the preceding 12 months;
(d)[Reserved]
(e)Any driver who has diabetes mellitus treated with insulin for control and who has obtained a medical examiner's certificate under the standards in § 391.46, if such driver's most recent medical examination and certification as qualified to drive did not occur during the preceding 12 months;
(f)Any driver who does not satisfy, with the worse eye, either the distant visual acuity standard with corrective lenses or the field of vision standard, or both, in § 391.41(b)(10)(i) and who has obtained a medical examiner's certificate under the standards in § 391.44, if such driver's most recent medical examination and certification as qualified to drive did not occur during the preceding 12 months;
(g)Any driver whose ability to perform his or her normal duties has been impaired by a physical or mental injury or disease; and
(h)On or after June 23, 2025, any person found by a medical examiner not to be physically qualified to operate a commercial motor vehicle under the provisions of paragraph (g)(3) of § 391.43.
[83 FR 47520, Sept. 19, 2018, as amended at 86 FR 32651, June 22, 2021; 87 FR 3419, Jan. 21, 2022; 88 FR 80192, Nov. 17, 2023; 89 FR 90623, Nov. 18, 2024; 91 FR 45661, July 21, 2026]
本页使用知识库固定留存的官方原文版本，具体版本日期见各全文。2026-10-12 按库内当前版次重新定位 §391.11、§391.45 和 §382.701 的节选；版次差异本身不证明法律要求发生变化。采集、查阅日期不是生效日期，仍应按实际业务核对适用条件。中文为 CTAC 白话说明，不是官方中文译文。This page uses pinned official-source editions in the library; each full-text reader identifies its version date. On October 12, 2026, passages from §§391.11, 391.45 and 382.701 were reselected against the current library editions. Edition differences alone do not establish changes in legal requirements. Capture and consultation dates are not effective dates; check applicability to the actual operation. Chinese text is a CTAC explanation, not an official translation.
依据关联的官方原文及官方项目说明起草。中文和英文解读均为 CTAC AI 辅助工作稿，未经人工审核；教学案例不是实际会员记录。采集日期不是法规生效日期。Drafted from linked official texts and agency guidance. Both language interpretations are CTAC AI-assisted drafts pending human review; examples are illustrative, not member records. Capture dates are not legal effective dates.
相关实务指南Related practical guides
车队应保存的司机资格档案§ 391.51 General requirements for driver qualification files.§ 391.51 General requirements for driver qualification files.车队应保存的司机资格档案
中文为 CTAC 白话说明，不是官方译文，也不构成个案法律意见。请先核对适用范围、来源版本与最新官方通知。CTAC plain-language explanations are not official translations or case-specific legal advice. Check scope, source editions and current official notices.