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先看懂要求，再查清依据。Understand the rule. Find its source.
部分资料含历史版本或来源限制。收录日期不代表现行性已复核；请先核对每项官方来源、版本和适用范围。Some records contain historical versions or source limitations. Capture dates do not establish a review of current requirements; check each official source, edition and scope before use.
法规索引Regulation index
按中文名称了解每条管什么，再展开查看解读与官方原文。Browse by subject, then expand an entry for available explanations and official text.
司机求职申请应提供的信息§ 391.21 Application for employment.§ 391.21 Application for employment.司机求职申请应提供的信息
雇主对司机背景和记录的核查§ 391.23 Investigation and inquiries.§ 391.23 Investigation and inquiries.雇主对司机背景和记录的核查
每年查询与复核司机驾驶记录§ 391.25 Annual inquiry and review of driving record.§ 391.25 Annual inquiry and review of driving record.每年查询与复核司机驾驶记录
车队应保存的司机资格档案§ 391.51 General requirements for driver qualification files.§ 391.51 General requirements for driver qualification files.车队应保存的司机资格档案
适用于联邦 Part 391 体检资格规则覆盖的商业驾驶员，相关例外须按相应分部查阅。个人疾病或用药是否影响驾驶资格，应由符合要求的体检人员结合适用标准评估；加州州内运输还可能有联邦要求以外的条件。For commercial drivers covered by the federal Part 391 medical qualification rules, subject to applicable exceptions. This guide does not decide individual fitness or medication safety, or treat the federal rules as the complete requirements for every California intrastate operation.
从州驾驶记录确认 CDL 医疗资格状态Check the medical status recorded in the CDL driving record
- 具体要求What the rule requires
- 对 CDL 持有人，承运人应从当前发证州取得含医疗资格状态的 CDLIS 驾驶记录，并按 §391.51(b)(6)(ii) 存入资格档案。全国性的临时纸质证书替代安排已于 2026 年 10 月 11 日结束；阿拉斯加州签发的 CDL／CLP 另有临时豁免，条件见下文。记录提交或同步异常时，应联系体检人员、州驾照机构和承运人查明。For CDL holders, obtain the CDLIS motor vehicle record containing medical certification status from the current licensing state and retain it under §391.51(b)(6)(ii). The nationwide temporary paper-MEC exemption ended October 11, 2026. A separate provisional exemption applies to Alaska-issued CDLs and CLPs under the conditions below. Resolve submission or synchronization issues with the examiner, licensing agency and carrier.
(ii) For CDL holders, beginning January 30, 2012, if the CDLIS motor vehicle record contains medical certification status information, the motor carrier employer must meet this requirement by obtaining the CDLIS motor vehicle record defined at § 384.105 of this chapter. That record must be obtained from the current licensing State and placed in the driver qualification file. After January 30, 2015, a non-excepted, interstate CDL holder without medical certification status information on the CDLIS motor vehicle record is designated “not-certified” to operate a CMV in interstate commerce. After January 30, 2015, and through June 22, 2025, a motor carrier may use a copy of the driver's current medical examiner's certificate that was submitted to the State for up to 15 days from the date it was issued as proof of medical certification.
使用固定来源版次；适用日期与例外以原文及历史沿革为准。Uses a fixed source edition; check the original and statutory history for operative dates and exceptions.
适用于联邦 Part 391 覆盖的承运人与驾驶员资格档案，须同时核对 Subpart G 等适用例外。本文聚焦资格档案；药物、酒精检测记录与 Clearinghouse 另按对应主题管理。For carrier driver-qualification files covered by federal Part 391, subject to Subpart G and other applicable exceptions. This topic covers qualification files; drug-testing records and Clearinghouse duties are addressed separately.
资格档案一般须留至离职后三年Retain the file beyond the last day of employment
- 具体要求What the rule requires
- 一般驾驶员资格档案须在任职期间及离职后三年内保存。某些定期更新材料可在形成三年后移除，具体见 §391.51(d)；这只适用于指定材料，不适用于整份档案。Generally retain the qualification file throughout employment and for three years afterward. Certain periodically renewed items may be removed three years after execution under §391.51(d); that does not authorize deleting the entire file after three years.
(a) (a) Each motor carrier shall maintain a driver qualification file for each driver it employs. A driver's qualification file may be combined with his/her personnel file.
(c) Except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section, each driver's qualification file shall be retained for as long as a driver is employed by that motor carrier and for three years thereafter.
(d) The following records may be removed from a driver's qualification file three years after the date of execution:
使用固定来源版次；适用日期与例外以原文及历史沿革为准。Uses a fixed source edition; check the original and statutory history for operative dates and exceptions.
法规原文 · 英文REGULATION TEXT · ENGLISH
车队应保存的司机资格档案§ 391.51 General requirements for driver qualification files.
官方来源快照；不代表已核对现行汇编及后续修订。请核对来源版本。Official-source snapshot; current consolidated law and subsequent amendments have not been verified.
展开英文原文Read the English original收起英文原文Hide the English original
49 CFR 391.51 · § 391.51 General requirements for driver qualification files.
§ 391.51 General requirements for driver qualification files.
(a)Each motor carrier shall maintain a driver qualification file for each driver it employs. A driver's qualification file may be combined with his/her personnel file.
(b)The qualification file for a driver must include:
(b)(1)The driver's application for employment completed in accordance with § 391.21;
(b)(2)A copy of the motor vehicle record received from each driver's licensing authority pursuant to § 391.23(a)(1);
(b)(3)The certificate of driver's road test issued to the driver pursuant to § 391.31(e), a copy of the license or certificate which the motor carrier accepted as equivalent to the driver's road test pursuant to § 391.33, or the original of the written statement providing that the motor carrier determined the driver is not required by § 391.44(d) to complete a road test pursuant to § 391.44(d)(3)(ii)(A) and the original, or a copy, of the driver's certification required by § 391.44(d)(3)(i);
(b)(4)The motor vehicle record received from each driver's licensing authority to the annual driver record inquiry required by § 391.25(a);
(b)(5)A note relating to the annual review of the driver's driving record as required by § 391.25(c)(2);
(6)(i) The medical examiner's certificate as required by § 391.43(g) or a legible copy of the certificate.
(ii) For CDL holders, beginning January 30, 2012, if the CDLIS motor vehicle record contains medical certification status information, the motor carrier employer must meet this requirement by obtaining the CDLIS motor vehicle record defined at § 384.105 of this chapter. That record must be obtained from the current licensing State and placed in the driver qualification file. After January 30, 2015, a non-excepted, interstate CDL holder without medical certification status information on the CDLIS motor vehicle record is designated “not-certified” to operate a CMV in interstate commerce. After January 30, 2015, and through June 22, 2025, a motor carrier may use a copy of the driver's current medical examiner's certificate that was submitted to the State for up to 15 days from the date it was issued as proof of medical certification.
(iii) If that driver obtained the medical certification based on having obtained a medical variance from FMCSA, the motor carrier must also include a copy of the medical variance documentation in the driver qualification file in accordance with paragraph (b)(7) of this section;
(7) A Skill Performance Evaluation Certificate issued by FMCSA in accordance with § 391.49; or the Medical Exemption document issued by a Federal medical program in accordance with part 381 of this chapter; and
(8)(i) For drivers not required to have a CDL, a note relating to verification of medical examiner listing on the National Registry of Certified Medical Examiners required by § 391.23(m)(1).
(ii) Through June 22, 2025, for drivers required to have a CDL, a note relating to verification of medical examiner listing on the National Registry of Certified Medical Examiners required by § 391.23(m)(2).
(c) Except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section, each driver's qualification file shall be retained for as long as a driver is employed by that motor carrier and for three years thereafter.
(d) The following records may be removed from a driver's qualification file three years after the date of execution:
(1) The motor vehicle record received from each driver's licensing authority to the annual driver record inquiry required by § 391.25(a);
(2) The note relating to the annual review of the driver's driving record as required by § 391.25(c)(2);
(3) The medical examiner's certificate required by § 391.43(g), a legible copy of the certificate, or, for CDL drivers, any CDLIS MVR obtained as required by paragraph (b)(6)(ii) of this section;
(4) Any medical variance issued by FMCSA, including a Skill Performance Evaluation Certificate issued in accordance with § 391.49; or the Medical Exemption letter issued by a Federal medical program in accordance with part 381 of this chapter; and
(5) The note relating to verification of medical examiner listing on the National Registry of Certified Medical Examiners required by § 391.23(m).
(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 2126-004)
[63 FR 33277, June 18, 1998, as amended at 66 FR 49874, Oct. 1, 2001; 69 FR 16721, Mar. 30, 2004; 73 FR 73127, Dec. 1, 2008; 75 FR 28502, May 21, 2010; 77 FR 24133, Apr. 20, 2012; 79 FR 2380, Jan. 14, 2014; 80 FR 22822, Apr. 23, 2015; 83 FR 28782, June 21, 2018; 84 FR 51434, Sept. 30, 2019; 86 FR 32651, June 22, 2021; 86 FR 57076, Oct. 14, 2021; 87 FR 3419, Jan. 21, 2022; 87 FR 13209, Mar. 9, 2022]
依据关联的官方原文及官方项目说明起草。中文和英文解读均为 CTAC AI 辅助工作稿，未经人工审核；教学案例不是实际会员记录。采集日期不是法规生效日期。Drafted from linked official texts and agency guidance. Both language interpretations are CTAC AI-assisted drafts pending human review; examples are illustrative, not member records. Capture dates are not legal effective dates.
依据关联的官方原文及官方项目说明起草。中文和英文解读均为 CTAC AI 辅助工作稿，未经人工审核；教学案例不是实际会员记录。采集日期不是法规生效日期。Drafted from linked official texts and agency guidance. Both language interpretations are CTAC AI-assisted drafts pending human review; examples are illustrative, not member records. Capture dates are not legal effective dates.
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中文为 CTAC 白话说明，不是官方译文，也不构成个案法律意见。请先核对适用范围、来源版本与最新官方通知。CTAC plain-language explanations are not official translations or case-specific legal advice. Check scope, source editions and current official notices.