术语词典Trucking Glossary

自己经营卡车运输、通常也亲自开车的人。可以在自己的经营资质下运营，也可以把车辆租给承运公司、按其安排运营（常说“挂靠”）。USDOT 是识别编号，不等于 MC 经营资质。A person running a trucking business who usually also drives. They may operate under their own authority or lease equipment to an authorized carrier. A USDOT number identifies the operation; it is not the same as MC operating authority.

油费、维修、保险等由谁承担，要看实际经营和租赁约定。即使停车没有跑货，有些账单仍要付，算成本时别漏掉。Check the operating or lease agreement for who pays fuel, repairs, insurance, and other expenses. Some bills continue even while the truck is parked.

也叫：Also: 个体车主 · 自营司机 · independent trucker

实际承担货物运输的个人或企业。需要哪些注册和经营资质，取决于车辆、货物与业务类型；并不是所有承运人都适用同一种 MC 经营资质要求。An individual or business that actually transports freight. Registration and authority requirements depend on the vehicle, cargo, and operation; not every carrier needs the same operating authority.

也叫：Also: 车队 · 运输公司 · trucking company

替发货方联系承运人、安排运输并收取报酬的个人或公司。作为经纪，主要负责安排，实际运货由承运人完成。适用的联邦经纪业务需登记资质，并维持 $75,000 的担保，可用 BMC-84 保证担保或 BMC-85 信托。A person or company paid to arrange transportation between a shipper and carrier. In its broker role, it arranges the shipment; the carrier transports it. Covered federal brokerage operations require registration and $75,000 in financial security through a BMC-84 surety bond or BMC-85 trust.

接货前核对 FMCSA 的当前经营资质和担保信息；“有资质”不等于保证按时付款。对方提供快付，也不能代替身份和付款条件核对。Check current FMCSA authority and financial-security information before accepting a load. Registration does not guarantee payment, and a Quick-Pay offer does not replace those checks.

也叫：Also: 中介 · 经纪 · broker

把货物交给承运人运输的发货方。可能是厂家、卖家，也可能是受托发货的仓库；不一定是货物的所有人。看提单时，先认清谁发货、谁收货。The party sending goods through a carrier. It may be a manufacturer, seller, or warehouse shipping on another party’s behalf, and need not own the goods. On a bill of lading, distinguish the sending party from the receiving party.

也叫：Also: 发货人 · 厂家 · 货主

运输单据中指定接收货物的个人或公司，常出现在 Consignee 或 Ship To 一栏。比如送货到商店，收货方可以是这家商店，实际签收的则是其获授权的工作人员。The person or company designated to receive the goods, often shown as Consignee or Ship To. For a store delivery, the store may be the consignee while an authorized worker signs for receipt.

也叫：Also: 收货方

为客户组织货物运输的服务商。日常说“货代”可能指国际运输安排；在 FMCSA 的公路货运分类中，Freight Forwarder 会组织集货、分拨，并承担运输责任，不只是像经纪那样联系车队。它不一定拥有自己的卡车。A business organizing freight transportation. Everyday use may refer to international forwarding. In FMCSA’s motor-freight classification, a freight forwarder consolidates and distributes shipments and assumes transportation responsibility, rather than only arranging a carrier as a broker does. It need not own trucks.

也叫：Also: 国际货代

替货主外包整段或多段物流的服务商，业务范围比经纪/货代更广，常含仓储、库存管理、配送。An outsourced logistics provider that handles part or all of a shipper's supply chain — usually broader than a broker, often including warehousing and distribution.

协调司机工作的人员：传达提送货地点和时间、跟进进度、处理安排变化；有些调度也负责找货、谈价。可以是车队内部人员，也可以是外部服务商。A person coordinating drivers’ work: communicating pickup and delivery details, tracking progress, and handling changes. Some also find loads and negotiate rates. Dispatchers may work inside a carrier or provide an outside service.

用外部调度时，写清收费方式和代签运价确认书的权限。是否需要经纪资质，要看其实际做什么，不能只看“调度”这个名称。For an outside service, agree on fees and authority to sign rate confirmations. Whether broker authority is needed depends on the actual activities, not the “dispatcher” label.

也叫：Also: 派车员

雇员是受雇为公司工作的人；独立承包人以独立经营者身份承接业务。工资代扣税、保险和劳动权益会受分类影响，但拿 W-2 还是 1099、合同怎么称呼你，都不能单独决定分类。An employee works in an employment relationship; an independent contractor provides services as an independent business. Classification affects withholding, insurance, and labor rights, but a W-2, a 1099, or a contract label does not by itself determine status.

在加州，要按适用的 ABC 测试或其他法定标准看实际工作关系，不能只凭“自己有车”就认定是独立承包人。In California, the applicable ABC test or other legal standard examines the actual working relationship. Owning a truck alone does not establish independent-contractor status.

也叫：Also: W-2 · 1099 · IC · W2 · 1099 driver

在仓库处理发货或收货登记、单据和数量核对的工作人员。司机到场常先找他们确认任务和门位；他们是现场联系人，不一定是货主、经纪或有权修改运价的人。A warehouse worker handling shipping or receiving records, paperwork, and quantity checks. Drivers often contact this person about the job and dock assignment. A site contact is not necessarily the cargo owner, broker, or someone authorized to change the rate.

Shipping office 是发货办公室，Receiving office 是收货办公室；到场先说自己来提货还是送货。The shipping office handles outgoing freight; the receiving office handles incoming freight. Say whether you are collecting or delivering.

也叫：Also: 仓库文员 · 收货文员 · 发货文员 · shipping clerk · receiving clerk · shipping office · receiving office