术语词典Trucking Glossary

一次完整的运输任务，包含取货点、送货点、货物、约定运价等。”一票 load”就是一次跑车任务。One complete shipment assignment — pickup, delivery, cargo, agreed rate. "A load" = one job.

也叫：Also: 一票货 · 运单 / 货 · 货单 · 运单

确认某一票运输的运价和安排的文件，常简称 rate con。通常会写提送货地点、时间、运费等；附加费和付款条件也可能在另行签订的合同里。A document confirming the rate and arrangements for a specific load, often called a rate con. It commonly lists pickup, delivery, timing, and freight charges; accessorial and payment terms may also appear in a separate agreement.

接货前把运价确认书与相关合同一起看，确认等待、取消、过夜和装卸费怎么算。临时变化及时取得书面确认，并保留记录。Read the rate con with the applicable agreement. Confirm waiting, cancellation, layover, and loading charges, and keep written confirmation of changes.

也叫：Also: 运价单 · rate con · rateconf

常见运输单据，记录发货方、收货方、起讫地点、件数、货物描述，以及适用的重量或体积等信息。它帮助各方核对收到和运输的货物；具体条款与签收要求应结合实际单据和运输安排阅读。A common shipping document recording the consignor, consignee, origin, destination, package count, freight description, and applicable weight or volume. It helps parties identify freight received for transportation; read the actual document and shipping arrangement for its terms and signature requirements.

装货时核对单据与实际件数和可见货况。不一致时，先与现场人员和车队确认，并按要求记录差异、保留凭据。At pickup, compare the document with the package count and visible condition. If they differ, clarify with site personnel and the carrier, record the discrepancy as required, and keep the evidence.

也叫：Also: B/L

证明货物已交付的记录，可以是签收后的提单，也可以是其他纸质或电子交付凭证。它记录收货情况，常用于后续请款；有 POD 不代表运费已经到账。A record showing delivery, such as a signed bill of lading or another paper or electronic delivery receipt. It records receipt of the freight and is often used for billing; having a POD does not mean the freight bill has been paid.

也叫：Also: 回单

没有载货时行驶的路段，例如卸货后开去下一处提货点。可能拉着空挂车，也可能只有车头；有没有空驶补偿，要看约定。A leg driven without freight, such as traveling from delivery to the next pickup. It may involve an empty trailer or a tractor alone; compensation for empty miles depends on the agreement.

估算一趟运输是否划算时，把去提货和必要返程的空驶里程也算进去；这些路仍会耗油、耗时间。Include pickup and necessary return deadhead when estimating a trip: those miles still use fuel and time.

也叫：Also: 空跑

公路货运中常指司机或车辆在装卸点等待产生的费用。免费等待时间、计费条件、金额和支付方依适用约定核对；海运用语中也可能指集装箱等设备的使用，需看上下文。In road freight, a charge associated with driver or vehicle waiting at pickup or delivery. Free time, billing conditions, rates, and responsibility depend on applicable terms. In ocean shipping the word can refer to equipment use, so context matters.

也叫：Also: 等货费 · 压车费 · detention time · wait time

运输被延后到下一天等较长等待，行业中也用这个词指相应的延误费用。并不是只要在外过夜就有钱拿；何时开始算、金额和支付方，要看适用约定。An extended delay, such as a load being pushed to the next day, and the related charge. Spending a night away does not automatically earn a layover payment; the trigger, amount, and payer depend on applicable terms.

也叫：Also: 过夜补偿

基本运输费（line-haul）之外，因额外服务或情况产生的费用。例如等待费 detention、长时间延误费 layover、装卸工费 lumper，以及盖篷布 tarp、使用升降尾板 liftgate 的费用。是否另收、怎么收，要看约定。Charges beyond the base line-haul transportation price for extra services or circumstances, such as detention, layover, loading labor, tarping, or liftgate use. Check which items are separately billable and their agreed terms.

也叫：Also: 杂费

在仓库或配送中心，第三方装卸人员提供服务的费用。有的由经纪或车队安排付款，有的需要司机按授权先付；不要一看到 lumper 就默认由自己掏钱。A charge for third-party loading or unloading labor at a warehouse or distribution center. A broker or carrier may arrange payment, or a driver may pay with authorization; the word alone does not mean the driver must fund it.

付款前确认金额、授权人和付款方式，保留收据及相关确认记录，便于核对结算或报销。Confirm the amount, authorization, and payment method before paying. Keep the receipt and approval record for settlement or reimbursement.

Truck Order Not Used 的缩写：车已经安排好，但这次运输被取消或最终没有用上车辆时，可能产生的取消费用。是否必须已出发或到场、取消多晚才收费、收多少，都要看约定。Short for Truck Order Not Used: a possible cancellation charge when a truck has been arranged but the shipment does not use it. Terms determine whether dispatch or arrival is required, the cancellation cutoff, and the amount.

也叫：Also: truck order not used · truck order not used

为减少空驶，在送达目的地后就近接一票往家方向（或下一票出发方向）的货。A load picked up after delivery to head back toward your origin (or next pickup), reducing deadhead.

也叫：Also: 返程货

到场后放下一辆挂车，再接上另一辆挂车，尽量减少现场等装卸的时间。放下和接走的都可能是空挂或重挂；并不只指“放重挂、接空挂”。Dropping one trailer and hooking to another to reduce live loading or unloading time. Either trailer may be loaded or empty; it is not limited to dropping a loaded trailer and collecting an empty one.

也叫：Also: 甩柜

LTL（Less Than Truckload，零担）通常让不同客户的货共用车厢；FTL（Full Truckload，整车）通常为一票运输预留整辆车的运力，不必把车厢塞满。报价还会看路线、货物、设备和服务要求。LTL (Less Than Truckload) generally shares trailer space among shipments. FTL (Full Truckload) generally reserves a truck’s capacity for one shipment; the trailer need not be physically full. Pricing also depends on the lane, freight, equipment, and service.

也叫：Also: less than truckload · full truckload

到了提货或送货地点，向门岗、收发货办公室或指定系统登记“我到了”，并核对这次任务。不是车开到附近就算报到，也不表示已经获准靠台装卸。Reporting arrival at pickup or delivery to the gate, shipping or receiving office, or designated system and confirming the job. Reaching the area is not necessarily check-in, and check-in does not by itself authorize docking.

按场站要求完成登记，留意报到时间。等待费怎么算，还要另看约定，不能只凭手机定位。Follow the facility’s check-in process and note the time. Detention eligibility follows the agreement, not location data alone.

也叫：Also: 签到 · 入场登记 · check in · driver check-in

仓库用来找到你要提的那票货的编号，常写作 Pickup # 或 Reference #。同一票运输可能还有订单号、提单号、预约号；它们不一定是同一个号码。A reference used by a pickup facility to identify the freight you are collecting, often labeled Pickup # or Reference #. A shipment may also have order, BOL, and appointment numbers; these are not necessarily interchangeable.

对方说号码不对时，先确认他要哪一种号，再找调度核对，不要随便换一个号码试。If a number is rejected, ask which type is required and check with dispatch rather than guessing another number.

也叫：Also: 提货号码 · 提货编码 · 参考编号 · pickup # · pick up number · reference # · PU number

仓库与挂车交接货物的位置，常有编号的门位。听到“Door 8”，通常是在指定装卸门，不是在说仓库大门；仍要核对现场指示。The place where a warehouse loads or unloads a trailer, often with numbered dock doors. “Door 8” usually identifies a loading position, not the facility entrance; confirm the site’s directions.

报到后等工作人员确认门位，并按现场安全流程靠台；不要只看到空门就自行倒进去。Confirm the assigned door after check-in and follow the site’s safe docking process; an empty door is not permission to back in.

也叫：Also: 装卸平台 · 月台 · 装卸口 · 门位 · dock · dock door · loading bay

放在货物下面、方便叉车或搬运设备整体移动的平台，常见木制或塑料制。一托盘可以放很多箱，所以“2 pallets”不等于“2 cartons（箱）”。Skid 也常用于类似底座，但结构可能不同。A platform beneath freight that lets handling equipment move a unit of cargo, commonly made of wood or plastic. Two pallets need not mean two cartons. “Skid” is also used for a freight base, though its construction can differ.

核对数量时，先看单子数的是托盘、箱还是件。托盘数对了，不代表里面的箱数也一定对。Check whether the document counts pallets, cartons, or individual pieces. A matching pallet count does not establish the carton count.

也叫：Also: 栈板 · 卡板 · pallets · skid

安装在货厢或集装箱门上的编号封识，用来帮助发现封条是否被破坏或更换。它不是固定货物的绑带，也不能单独证明箱内数量、货物状况或门从未打开。A numbered seal placed on trailer or container doors to help reveal tampering or replacement. It is not cargo securement and does not by itself prove the count or condition of the contents, or that the doors were never opened.

号码不符、缺失或破损时，先报告并记录；不要自行剪开、换一个后当作没发生过。检查封闭货物应按授权和适用要求处理。Report and record a missing, broken, or mismatched seal. Do not cut or replace it and treat it as unchanged; inspection of sealed freight follows authorization and applicable requirements.

也叫：Also: 封签 · 封条号 · seal number · security seal

车辆到场后，等仓库把货装进或卸出这辆挂车，完成后再走。与直接放下一辆挂车、接走另一辆的 Drop and Hook（甩挂） 不同。“Live”不是活体货物，也不表示一定要司机亲自搬货。The truck waits while its trailer is loaded or unloaded at the facility before leaving, rather than dropping one trailer and hooking to another. “Live” does not refer to live animals or automatically mean the driver must handle the freight.

接任务时确认是现场装卸还是甩挂，以及司机需要参与什么、预留多久；等待费另按约定核对。Confirm live loading versus a trailer swap, the driver’s expected involvement, and the time allowance. Waiting charges follow separate terms.

也叫：Also: 等装货 · 等卸货 · 现场装卸 · live loading · live unloading

根据当前进度估计什么时候能到。调度问“What is your ETA?”，是在问你预计几点到，不是在替你预约，也不表示你已经到场。An estimate of when you will arrive based on current progress. “What is your ETA?” asks for the expected arrival time; it does not book an appointment or establish that you have arrived.

说清地点、日期和当地时间；堵车、装货延误后及时更新，不为赶原来的估计时间勉强驾驶。Specify the place, date, and local time. Update the estimate after delays rather than driving unsafely to preserve it.

也叫：Also: 预计到场 · 预估到达时间 · estimated arrival

通常按完成报到的先后安排装卸，不为每辆车预留一个固定预约时段。但现场仍可能有接收时间、不同队列和其他条件，不代表随时到、马上就能装。Loading or unloading generally arranged in check-in order rather than a reserved appointment slot for each truck. Receiving hours, separate queues, and site conditions may still apply; it does not mean arrival at any time or immediate service.

先确认当天接收时间和报到地点。排队顺序与等待费是否成立是两件事，费用还要看约定。Confirm that day’s receiving hours and check-in location. Queue order and entitlement to detention pay are separate questions.

也叫：Also: 先到先装 · 先到先卸 · 按到场顺序 · first come first serve · first-come-first-served

交接货物时，用来归类“比单子多、比单子少、货有损坏”等异常。比如单子写 10 箱，实际只点到 9 箱，是短少；外箱压坏则要按观察到的情况记录。A group of freight discrepancies: more than documented, fewer than documented, or damaged goods. If the document says ten cartons and only nine are counted, that is a shortage. Describe visible damage as observed.

先核对、通知调度，并让交接记录反映实际情况。记下异常不等于已经认定谁负责，也不等于索赔一定成功。Check the discrepancy, notify dispatch, and ensure the handoff record reflects it. Recording an exception does not decide liability or guarantee a claim.

也叫：Also: 货差货损 · 短少破损 · 货物异常 · OSD · over short and damaged · overage · shortage · damage

收货方不接受全部或部分货物，可能涉及货物、单据、时间或其他争议。“拒收”是交货状态，不等于已经判定司机有错，也不表示货物可以自行丢弃。The receiver declines all or part of a shipment, potentially because of freight, paperwork, timing, or another dispute. Refusal describes the delivery outcome; it neither decides driver fault nor authorizes disposal.

记录拒收范围和对方说明，及时联系调度取得下一步安排。不要自行决定返程、改送地址或处理货物。Record what was refused and the stated reason, then obtain further instructions from dispatch. Do not independently decide to return, redirect, or dispose of the freight.

也叫：Also: 拒收 · 整票拒收 · 部分拒收 · refused load · rejected load · refusal