术语词典Trucking Glossary

在 load board / 现货市场上一票一议的运价，随市场短期供需波动。A per-load price negotiated in the spot market (load boards), moving with short-term supply/demand.

客户与承运人对某条线路或一段时期预先约定的运价。价格、有效期和调整方法按合同确定，燃油等费用可能另算；有合同运价不等于保证货量，也不表示它一定高于或低于当时的现货价。A rate agreed in advance for a lane or period. The contract sets pricing, duration, and adjustments; fuel may be separate. A contract rate does not by itself guarantee volume or ensure it is above or below the current spot rate.

在线现货货源平台，承运人付费订阅、按线路搜可拉的货。代表：DAT、Truckstop、123Loadboard。An online subscription marketplace where carriers search loads by lane. Examples: DAT, Truckstop, 123Loadboard.

也叫：Also: freight board

在某个时间、地点，能够接下指定货物的运输能力。除了有多少辆车，还要看挂车类型、司机可用时间等。运力相对需求紧张时，通常更难找车、运价可能上升；不是数全国卡车总量就能判断。The transport capacity available for particular freight at a place and time. Truck count, equipment type, and driver availability all matter. Tight capacity relative to demand can make trucks harder to secure and push rates up; the nationwide truck count alone is not enough.

经纪用来满足联邦财务担保要求的一种保证担保文件。要求额度为 $75,000；另一种形式是 BMC-85 信托。经纪未履行约定时，符合条件的发货方或承运人可按程序索赔，但不是每人都保证拿到 $75,000。A surety-bond filing used by brokers to meet federal financial-security requirements, with required security of $75,000. A BMC-85 trust is an alternative. Eligible shippers or carriers may submit claims for a broker’s failure to fulfill its arrangements; $75,000 is not a guaranteed payment to each claimant.

不要按“先到先得”理解赔付。应及时向担保方确认索赔材料和期限；涉及经纪财务失败时，有专门公告和申报程序。FMCSA 不代替担保方或法院裁决具体欠款争议。Do not assume first-come-first-served payment. Promptly confirm claim documents and deadlines with the provider; broker financial failure has specific notice and claim procedures. FMCSA does not adjudicate individual payment disputes.

安排适用货物运输的经纪在 FMCSA 登记的经营资质，与实际运货的承运人资质不同。相关资金担保和法律文书代理等要求也需按现行规则核对。FMCSA operating-authority registration for arranging covered transportation as a broker. It is distinct from motor-carrier authority; applicable financial-security and process-agent requirements also need to be met.