术语词典Trucking Glossary

主要讨论车辆运营中，对他人人身伤害或财产损害所承担的受保责任。它不自动保障自己的卡车或承运货物；保额、条件和适用的法定要求要分别核对。Coverage addressing insured liability for bodily injury or property damage to others arising from vehicle operations. It does not automatically cover the carrier’s own truck or cargo; check policy limits, conditions, and applicable legal requirements separately.

也叫：Also: 主责险 · Auto Liability

针对承运货物特定损失或损坏的保险。保哪些货、哪些损失原因、限额和免赔额都要看保单；客户提出的投保要求与联邦申报要求也不是一回事。Insurance for specified loss or damage to cargo being transported. Covered commodities, causes of loss, limits, and deductibles depend on the policy. Customer insurance requirements and federal filing requirements are separate questions.

也叫：Also: 货损险

针对保单所列卡车或挂车自身受保损失的保障。它回答“自己的车损坏怎么办”；承保原因、估值、免赔额和除外责任按保单核对，不代替货物险或第三方责任险。Coverage for insured physical loss or damage to listed trucks or trailers. It addresses damage to the vehicle itself. Covered causes, valuation, deductibles, and exclusions depend on the policy; it does not replace cargo or third-party liability coverage.

也叫：Also: 车体险

一些挂靠车队的车主司机会使用的非运营责任险名称，具体适用用途由保单决定。“没有挂车”“没有载货”和“私人用途”不是同一个条件，应请保险方结合实际用途核对保障。A liability-coverage label used in some leased owner-operator arrangements, with covered use defined by the policy. No trailer, no cargo, and personal use are different conditions; ask the insurer or producer to apply the policy to the actual use.

也叫：Also: bobtail 保险 · bobtail insurance

通常针对企业非汽车经营活动中的某些第三方人身伤害或财产损害责任。它与商业汽车责任险是不同保障，具体业务、限额和除外责任要看保单。Coverage typically addressing specified third-party bodily injury or property-damage liability from non-auto business operations. It is distinct from commercial auto liability; covered operations, limits, and exclusions depend on the policy.

在一笔受保损失中，按保单适用的自担金额。先确认损失是否受保，再看适用哪个免赔额及其他条款；不是损失超过这个数字就一定能获赔。The amount applied as the insured’s share of a covered loss under the policy. Establish whether the loss is covered, then check the applicable deductible and other terms; exceeding the deductible does not by itself establish coverage.

向客户或经纪展示签发时保险信息的摘要，通常由保险公司或保险代理出具。它不是保单，不能自行增加或保证保障；实际范围要看保单及批单（对保单的补充或修改）。A summary of insurance information as of issuance, usually prepared by an insurer or producer for a customer or broker. It is not the policy and does not add or guarantee coverage; the policy and endorsements govern the actual coverage.

FMCSA 的最低财务责任及保险申报要求会随主体、业务、车辆和货物类型而变化。先确认自己属于哪一类，再查当前官方表及适用法规，不能把某一个金额套给所有卡车。FMCSA financial-responsibility and insurance-filing requirements vary by entity, operation, vehicle, and cargo. Identify the applicable category, then consult the current official table and regulation rather than applying a single amount to every truck.

保险公司按保单对全部损失或某一项保障最多支付的金额，仍受承保范围、除外责任和其他条款限制。同一保单可能同时有每次事故或每次索赔限额、累计限额及分项限额；限额不是免赔额，也不是保证每笔索赔都会付到该数。The maximum an insurer will pay overall or under a particular coverage, still subject to coverage, exclusions, and other policy terms. One policy may contain per-occurrence or per-claim limits, aggregate limits, and sublimits. A limit is not a deductible or a promise that every claim will be paid up to that amount.

查看保单声明页、保障表和批单，分别确认每次与累计限额及货物等分项限额。COI（保险证书）上的大数字不能代替核对实际保单，也不能证明某次运输一定受保。Review the declarations, coverage schedule, and endorsements for per-occurrence, aggregate, and cargo or other sublimits. A large number on a COI does not replace the policy or establish coverage for a particular haul.

也叫：Also: 保险限额 · 赔偿限额 · coverage limit · limit of insurance · liability limit

保单列明不承保的原因、条件、人员、用途、财产或货物，可写在主保单或批单中。即使保单限额很高、保单仍有效或已经出具 COI，适用的除外责任仍可能使某项损失不受保。A cause, condition, person, use, property, or commodity that the policy states is not covered, whether in the main form or an endorsement. An applicable exclusion can bar coverage even when the policy has high limits, remains active, or a COI has been issued.

接新货或改变车辆、司机、路线、用途前，对照保单和批单核对相关除外项；不确定时向保险经纪或保险公司取得书面说明。不要把“全险”或一张 COI（保险证书）当成没有除外责任。Before taking a new commodity or changing the vehicle, driver, route, or use, compare the exposure with the policy and endorsements. Ask the broker or insurer for written clarification when uncertain; “full coverage” or a COI does not mean there are no exclusions.

也叫：Also: 免责条款 · 不保事项 · 承保除外 · coverage exclusion · excluded risk · policy exclusion