术语词典Trucking Glossary

把集装箱在港口、铁路场站、堆场、客户仓库之间短距离拖运的业务。Short-distance container transportation between ports, rail terminals, depots, and customer warehouses.

也叫：Also: 港口短驳 · port drayage

公路运输时承托集装箱的带轮底架，与装货的集装箱本身不同。底盘可能自有或通过其他安排取得，提还地点和使用要求需要单独确认。The wheeled frame supporting a container for road transport, separate from the container itself. It may be owned or supplied under another arrangement; confirm its pickup, return, and use requirements.

提用前按要求检查车况，记录发现的问题，并按车队和设备使用流程及时报告、处理。Inspect as required before use, record concerns, and report and address them through the carrier and equipment-use procedures.

也叫：Also: 拖架

标准化的金属箱，常见尺寸 20'、40'、40'HC、45'。海运 + 拖柜的核心载体。Standardized steel box — common sizes 20', 40', 40' HC, 45'. The basic unit of ocean + drayage freight.

也叫：Also: 柜 · 海运箱 · box · can

海运场景中，集装箱或货物在码头超过免费停放时间后，可能产生的费用。进口提柜时常遇到；先看免费期、计费天数和实际账单，不能只凭这个词判断司机本人要付钱。In ocean shipping, a possible charge when a container or cargo remains at a terminal beyond allowed free time. It is common in import pickup workflows. Check free time, billed days, and the actual invoice; the term alone does not make the driver the payer.

可先记成“港内停放”与“提走后使用设备”的区别，再查账单对应的费用。Per diem 是“按日”，可能用于不同设备，不能只靠名称判断。Start by distinguishing terminal storage from equipment use after pickup, then read the bill. Per diem means “per day” and can refer to different equipment.

字面意思是“按日”。港口场景常指集装箱或底盘等设备的按日使用费，具体是否超过免费期、按哪段时间收费，要看实际账单和约定。不要仅凭这个词判断一定是柜还是底盘。Literally “per day.” In port workflows it commonly labels daily equipment-use charges for containers or chassis. Read the bill and terms to identify the equipment, free time, and charging period; the term alone does not identify which equipment is involved.

也叫：Also: detention (container)

货物装卸、交接的具体场站。拖柜时通常指港口内的某个集装箱码头；在铁路或其他货运场景，也可能指铁路场站或货运站。只知道港口名称还不够，还要确认具体 terminal。A facility where freight is loaded, unloaded, or transferred. In drayage it usually means a particular container terminal within a port; in other contexts it may be a rail or freight terminal. Knowing the port name alone is not enough to identify the facility.

也叫：Also: 港口码头

预约提柜、还柜等操作的到场时段的系统。不同码头可能使用不同平台、开放时段和接收条件。预约成功只表示订到了时段，不代表柜子已放行、费用已处理或一定能提走。A system for booking a terminal visit for pickup, return, or another transaction. Platforms, time windows, and receiving conditions vary. A confirmed appointment does not by itself mean the container is released, charges are settled, or pickup can proceed.

也叫：Also: 港口预约

一次进码头，完成“送进去一个箱，再带出来一个箱”。例如还空箱后提进口重箱，也可能是送出口重箱后提空箱；是否能一起做，要符合码头当时的接收和预约条件。Delivering one container and collecting another during a single terminal visit. Examples include returning an empty then collecting an import, or dropping an export then taking an empty. Both moves must meet the terminal’s current receiving and appointment conditions.

也叫：Also: 双向 · dual move

洛杉矶和长滩港相关码头运营商成立的非营利机构，负责 OffPeak 等项目。单据里出现的 PierPASS/TMF，通常涉及支持延长码头作业时段的交通缓解费；它不是你的提还柜预约。A nonprofit established by marine terminal operators at the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, responsible for programs including OffPeak. PierPASS/TMF on documents generally refers to the traffic mitigation fee supporting extended terminal shifts; it is not a truck appointment.

费率、收费时段和豁免以当前 PierPASS 公告及具体货物安排为准，不靠旧经验判断某个班次一定免费。Check current PierPASS notices and the shipment’s arrangements for rates, charge periods, and exemptions; do not assume a shift is free based on past practice.

也叫：Also: 港口班次费 · PierPass 班次系统

TSA 签发的运输工作者身份凭证，用于受相关海事安保规则约束的设施或船舶安全区域的无陪同进入等用途。它不代替码头预约或场站另行要求的准入手续。A TSA-issued Transportation Worker Identification Credential used for unescorted access to secure areas of facilities or vessels covered by maritime-security rules, among other required uses. It does not replace a terminal appointment or other access procedures.

也叫：Also: 港口卡 · Transportation Worker Identification Credential

牵引车不挂任何挂车单独行驶的状态。bobtail 时操控比挂车时更难，刹车距离反而可能变长。Driving the tractor with no trailer attached. Bobtailing handles differently — braking can actually be worse than with a trailer.

也叫：Also: 光头 · 无挂

Free Time 是集装箱或货物在码头等地点可免收相应堆存或滞期费用的期间；Last Free Day 是该期间的最后一天或最后免费时点。前者是期间，后者是截止点，算法会随码头、船公司、货类和当期规则变化。Free time is the period during which a container or cargo may remain at a terminal or similar facility without the applicable storage or demurrage charge. The last free day is the final day or cutoff in that period. One is a period and the other a deadline; calculation varies by terminal, carrier, cargo, and current rule.

用具体柜号核对当天显示的 LFD（最后免费日）、柜子可提状态、hold（暂扣或限制）、费用和预约；不要只按“几天免费”自己推日期。柜子尚未可提或码头不开门时，也应查看适用规则和更新。For the specific container, recheck the displayed LFD, availability, holds, charges, and appointment status that day. Do not calculate the deadline from a remembered number of free days; if the box is unavailable or the gate is closed, review the applicable rule and updates.

也叫：Also: 免费期 · 免堆时间 · 最后免堆日 · 最后免费提柜日 · free time · free days · last free day · LFD

进口柜卸货后，把空箱交回船公司或设备方当时指定且愿意接收的码头、堆场或仓库。接收地点和条件可能按船公司、尺寸、箱型、日期、班次及库存变化；还空柜与送重出口柜不是同一交易。The return of an unloaded import container to the terminal, depot, or yard currently designated and accepting it for the ocean carrier or equipment provider. The location and conditions may vary by line, size, type, date, shift, and inventory. An empty return is a different transaction from delivering a loaded export.

派车前再次核对船公司还柜指示、码头的 empty receiving（空柜接收）状态及是否需要预约；不要因为进口柜从某码头提走，就默认空柜必须或可以还到同一地点。保留 EIR（设备交接单）。Before dispatch, recheck the ocean carrier's return instruction, the terminal's empty-receiving status, and whether an appointment is required. Do not assume the pickup terminal must or will accept the empty. Keep the EIR.

也叫：Also: 还空箱 · 空柜返场 · 空箱退回 · empty container return · empty drop-off · MTY in · empty in

码头或堆场在集装箱、车架等设备交接或闸口交易时生成的记录，常含设备编号、进出方向、时间及记录到的状况或损坏。它是交接证据，不等于柜子放行、预约确认，也不能单独决定损坏责任。A terminal or depot record generated when a container, chassis, or other equipment is interchanged or processed at the gate. It commonly includes equipment identifiers, direction, time, and recorded condition or damage. It evidences the interchange but is not a release, an appointment confirmation, or conclusive proof of damage responsibility.

离开闸口前核对柜号、车架号、进出方向、时间和损坏备注；有遗漏或明显不符时按该场站渠道及时处理，并保存纸质或电子副本及允许拍摄的现场记录。Before leaving the gate, check the container and chassis numbers, direction, time, and damage remarks. Use the facility's correction channel promptly for omissions or mismatches, and retain the paper or electronic copy plus any permitted condition evidence.

也叫：Also: 设备交收单 · 柜架交接单 · 闸口交接凭证 · interchange receipt · equipment interchange report · gate receipt · gate ticket

拖柜语境中，指进口柜取得进入提柜流程所需的相关放行状态，常要分别看船公司放行、海关放行及其他 hold（暂扣或限制）是否清除。显示 released（已放行）不等于柜子已经卸船并可提，也不等于已有预约、费用已处理或闸口一定接车。In drayage, the status that required authorizations for an import container to enter the pickup process have been satisfied, often checked separately for ocean-carrier release, customs release, and other holds. “Released” does not by itself mean the box is discharged and available, an appointment exists, charges are resolved, or the gate will accept the truck.

派车前在码头或船公司系统逐项核对 line release（船公司放行）、customs/CBP release（美国海关放行）、其他 hold（暂扣或限制）、柜子可提状态、LFD（最后免费日）、费用和预约；不要把其中一个绿色状态当成全部条件完成。Before dispatch, check line release, customs or CBP release, other holds, physical availability, LFD, charges, and appointment status in the applicable carrier or terminal system. One green status does not mean every pickup condition is complete.

也叫：Also: 柜子放行 · 提柜放行 · 进口柜放行 · cargo release · line release · customs release · fully released